Week 3 (Piaget and Neo-Piagetian approaches) Flashcards
Who is Piaget?
-Swiss psychologist (1896 - 1980)
-Observed his own children to develop theories
-Observed children’s mistakes in classroom
-Children progress through FOUR stages of cognitive development
What are the four stages of Piaget’s foundational development theory
Sensorimeter: 0-2 years
Preoperational: 2-7 years
Concrete Operational: 7-11 years
Formal Operational: 12+ years
What is the sensorimeter stage of Piaget’s development theory?
-0-2 years
-Explore the world through senses and actions
-Looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping/
Development: Object permanence, stranger anxiety
What is the preoperational stage of Piaget’s development theory?
-2-7 years
-Represents and refer to objects and events with words or images, use intuitive rather than logical reasoning; believe inanimate objects possess human feelings/ emotions.
-Development: Pretend play, egocentrism
What is the concrete operational stage of Piaget’s development theory?
-Conserve, reserve their thinking, and classify objects, think logically and understand analogies but only about concrete events.
-Development: Conservatism, Mathematical transformations
What is the formal operational stage of Piaget’s development theory?
-Use abstract reasoning about hypothetical events/ situations, consider logical possibilities, and systematically examining/ test hypotheses.
-Development: Abstract logic, potential for mature, moral reasoning.
What is the definition of shcemas
-Schema = Mental representation that organise knowledge
-Assimilation = Use existing schemas to deal with new information and experiences
-Accommodation = Adjust schema to take new information into account
What is object permanence
-Marks the end of sensorimeter stage of development
-Objects are now seen as separate from the baby and they exist permanently
-Objects continue to exist even when they can not be seen, heard, or touched.
What is the A not B error
-Younger infants make this common mistake
-Infants inclined to search for an object in a familiar location rather than to look for the object in a new location.
-Object hidden in location A repetitively, infant choses A, when object is hidden in location B, infant chooses location A.
What are the two substages of Piaget’s preoperational development stage
Symbolic Function Substage (2-4 years)
-Child gains ability to represent an object that is not present. This substage still has limitations.
-Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective
-Animism: Inanimate objects have lifelike qualities
Intuitive thought substage (4-7 years)
-Children begin to use primitive reasoning, and want to know answers to all types of questions.
What is centration and conservation
