Week 3: Philosophy, Science and Evidence-based Practice

Question 1

What is Epistemology?

Answer 1

The Study of Knowledge

Question 2

provide a brief definition of epistemology

Answer 2

Seeking to define the nature of knowledge, how its acquired, and to what extent it can be known.

Question 3

What was Descartes belief about how knowledge was acquired?

Answer 3

Deductive reasoning by rationalism

Question 4

Describe what it means to hav a valid argument?

Answer 4

One who’s conclusion cannot be false, then the conclusion is not sound

Question 5

What does ‘Soundness’ of an argument refer to?

Answer 5

accuracy of the premises. If the premises are not sound then the conclusion is not sound.

Question 6

Bacon was named by the ‘father of empiricism’. What does that mean?

Answer 6

Emphasis on the severe inputs on acquiring knowledge.

Question 7

What was John Locke’s Theory of knowledge?

Answer 7

All humans born with blank slate. All info gained by sensation and observation

Question 8

…Inductions based on empirical data can have a very ______ _________ of being correct, and the chance that the might be incorrect can be ___________ quantified.

Answer 8

1st: high
2nd: probability
3rd: mathematically

Question 9

“…you cannot prove or demonstrate a negative” What is this statement trying to communicate about inductive reasoning?

Answer 9

Although it had never been observed, it could, in time become true.

Question 10

Induction does not provide certainty, rather, it provides a level of probability based on four elements. What four elements are they?

Answer 10

#1: Number of Obervations
#2: accuracy of observation
#3: Reliability 
#4: Face validity

Question 11

Popper thought that the best theories would be those that could be ______ ______.

Answer 11

Easily disproved

Question 12

Modern science is described as what king of “affair”?

Answer 12

Highly inductive bottom up affair

Question 13

Inferential statistics are mathematically techniques used to ________ the findings in a study sample to an entire _______ and predict the degree of ________ with which generalizations can be made.

Answer 13

generalize, population, certainty

Question 14

Evidence based practice most closely aligns with what “thinker” in chapter 3?

Answer 14

Karl Popper

Question 15

What does the philosophy of EBP recognize?

Answer 15

Not to find the ‘absolute truth’, but the best solution based on available observations.

Question 16

How did the epistemologies of Plato and Aristotle differ?

Answer 16

Plato = innate.  
Aristotle = emperical obersvation

Question 17

How would you describe epistemology?

Answer 17

Study of knowledge, what we know, how we acquire it, and how we know its true.

Question 18

What two areas did eddy’s EBM initially focus on?

Answer 18

Updating national guidelines for screening (#1) and treatment (#2)

Question 19

What is the difference between sensitivity of a measure and specificity of a measure?

Answer 19

• sensitivity is the accuracy of a test to identify people as diseased
• specificity is the accuracy of a test to identify people as not-diseased

Question 20

How was Sackett’s application of EBM different for Eddy’s?

Answer 20

Sackett: all about individualized approach to EBM
Eddy: had a more Nationalized (general) approach to EBM

Question 21

How did Sackett characterized EBM?

Answer 21

As a systematic process of asking questions, finding the info, evaluating the info, implementing the info, and revalidating.

Question 22

How has ACSM contributed to EBP to sport science?

Answer 22

Published large amount of position stand, for the public.