Week 3: Periodic Table and Reactivity Flashcards
What is Group 1 called?
Alkali Metals
What is Group 2 called?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What do Group 1 and 2 form?
s-block
What are group 7 elements called?
Halogens
What are group 8 elements called?
Noble gases
What are groups 3-8 grouped as?
p-block
What makes up the f-block?
Lanthanides and actinides
Where are the metals found on the periodic table?
Left side (Group 1 and 2)
Where are the non-metals found on the periodic table?
Right side
What are in between the metals and non-metals on the periodic table?
Semi-metals or metalloids
What are the common properties of metals?
- Shiny appearance
- Conduct heat
- Conduct electricity
- Malleable and ductile
- Tend to form positive ions and have basic oxides
What properties do non-metals tend to have?
- Form negative ions or covalent compounds.
- Have acidic oxides.
What properties do semi-metals have?
Intermediate properties (either properties depending on state)
What is the structure of a metallic bond?
“Ions in a sea of electrons”
- Electrons are delocalised as they are not associated with sodium particles. Free to move throughout the structure.
What holds the structure of a metallic bond?
The strong electrostatic force made from the positively charged ions and electrons attracting eachother.
Why can metals conduct electricity?
As the electrons present will move when an electrical potential difference is applied across the metal.
What influences electrical conductivity?
Number of electrons per particle
(e.g. Group 2 metals are better conductors than Group 1).
Why can metals conduct heat?
If heat is applied to one end of a metal, thermal motion can be transmitted by electron movement.
What makes metals malleable and ductile?
The positions of ions in a metal are not fixed as they are in an ionic lattice so they can move about.
What are negative ions called?
Anions
What are positive ions called?
Cations
Describe ionic compounds
Cations and anions held together by electrostatic attractions in a lattice arrangement.
Forms a salt with a high melting and boiling point.
Conducts heat and electricity when molten.
Has good solubility in polar solvent such as water.
What is valency?
- How many atoms of one element combine with another.
- Controlled by the number of electrons.
e.g.
Na = valency of +1 (wants to lose one electron)
Cl = valency of -1 (wants to gain an electron)
Therefore they combine in a ratio of 1:1 NaCl
How do you name a metal and non-metal compound?
Metal first
How do you name a non-metal compound?
Substance closest to the metal
