Week 3 - Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic

Question 2

Mongenetic trait

Answer 2

One pair of genes determines a given characteristic

Question 3

Polygenetic inheritance

Answer 3

More than one pair of genes determine a characteristic

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Observable characteristic/expression of a particular genotype

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Genes responsible for a particular characteristic

Question 6

Trait

Answer 6

Particular characteristic of an individual (phenotypic expression)

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Alternate forms of a gene

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

Pure breeding
Both genes for a characteristic are identical
(TT) or (tt)

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Hybrid
Genes for a characteristic are different
(Tt)

Question 10

Dominant

Answer 10

Expressed in phenotype
Will mask recessive gene
(T) dominant over (t)

Question 11

Recessive

Answer 11

Only appears in phenotype when it is homozygous

Question 12

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 12

Cross between 2 individuals in which only a single pair of characteristics is being studied

Question 13

Parental Generation (P)

Answer 13

2 parents who are crossed

Question 14

First Filial Generation (F1)

Answer 14

First offspring which results from cross of 2 parents

Question 15

Second Filial Generation (F2)

Answer 15

Formed when 2 F1 individuals are cross with one another

Question 16

Sex chromosomes

Answer 16

Chromosomes which determine sex of offspring

Two types: X and Y

Question 17

Autosomes

Answer 17

Chromosomes that are the same in both sexes

Not sex chromosomes

Question 18

Test Cross

Answer 18

Used to determine genotype of an organism

Individual of unknown genotype is crossed with an individual that is homozygous recessive

Question 19

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 19

Both alleles fully expressed in phenotype of heterozygote
Eg. Red and white snapdragons produce pink offspring
RR offspring=red pigment
WW offspring=no pigment
RW offspring=some red pigment appears pink

Question 20

Codominance

Answer 20

Pair of alleles equally expressed but not blended in heterozygote

Eg.
Red cattle=red pigment
White cattle=no pigment
Roan cattle=mixture of red hair and hair without pigment

ABO blood grouping