Week 3: Parliamentary, Presidential, Mulitlevel Governments

Question 1

Parliamentary Democracy

Answer 1

• Head of State seperate from head of government
• Representative government
• Vote of no confidence

Question 2

Presidential Democracies

Answer 2

Head of State = Head of Government

Directly elected by the people (e.g. Popular vote)

Impeachment

Question 3

Semi-Presidential-System

Answer 3

Head of State is directly elected (mostly representative & ceremontial) aber =! Head of government

Directly elected

Vote of no-confidence

Question 4

Pro Presidentialism

Answer 4

• Voters have a greater choice
• Voters have more clarity about who controls the executive. Better government accountability
• Legislator have greater independence; they do not fear dissolution of parliament

Question 5

Disadvantages against presidentialism

Answer 5

• Winner-takes-all election induces political polarization
• President may adopt ‘plebiscitarian’ style and claim to be the only true representative of the people
• Dual legitimacy; executive legislative deadlock

Question 6

Federalism

Answer 6

• Devision within a state

- strict (either or)

Question 7

Multilevel governance

Answer 7

Federalism + all level of governance above national level

• continuous scale

Question 8

Delagation & Responsibility (Kaare Strom)

Answer 8

Principal - Agent model

• Principal: allows to be delegated & tells agents how to act
  
  • Ultimate Principle = Voters
• Agent: Accountable to Agent — ought to act on its behalf