Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

envs3238 > week 3 - organic contam > Flashcards

week 3 - organic contam Flashcards

1
Q

what are straight chain compounds

A

carbon compounds connected in a straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what are examples of straight chains

A

solvents, petro, kerosene, diesel, oil/waves, greases and asphat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what straight chain class is c5-c7

A

solvents, thinners, mineral spirits, alcohols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what straight chain class is c6-c9

A

petrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what straight chain class is c10-c18

A

kerosene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what straight chain class is c12-c18

A

diesel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what straight chain class is c15-c20

A

oils/waxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what straight chain class is >c20

A

waxes, greases and asphalt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

characteristics of heavier molecules

A

higher boiling points, viscosity and solubilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is miscible

A

can be mixed with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is a NAPL (non aqueous phase liquid) immiscible or not

A

they are immisiclbe because they are dense (DNAPL) and sink in ground water or light (LNAPL) and floats on top such as diesel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is BTEX

A

benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene - aromatics in petrol products and are water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what travels further in an underground fuel leak

A

dissolved phase (water soluble aromatics such as BTEX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why does petrol have a strong smell

A

due to the fast evaporation of aromatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the remediation objectives

A

what contaminants, management strategies (treating source, treating pathway and remove receptor), site specific local requirements and financial input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is monitoed natural attenuation (MNA)

A

leave it alone and monitor it, let organisms handle the pollutants.

16
Q

what is air sparging

A

pumping air into aquifer with vapour extraction so volatiles can be removed

17
Q

what is soil vapor extraction

A

removal of contaminated groundwater or NAPL by vapours.

this can be done with a combination of slurping and bioventing (using microorganism)

18
Q

what is chemical oxidation (ISCO)

A

adding oxidising chemical can either break down molecule into harmless molecules or compounds can be converted to less toxic.

oxiding chemicals are sent down a well and spaced very few metres. they are usually very hazardous and require 3.1 g O2/g BTEX. this can be followed by bioventing.

19
Q

what is permeable reactive barriers

A

retard while degradation occurs or they can attenuate

20
Q

what is an ex situ method of treating contam that is quick

A

excavating and landfill

21
Q

what is biotreatment ex situ

A

hydrocarbin degradation in oxygenated treatment systems by land farming. this happens by manipulating the nutrients, water, temperature etc.

digging into the ground to promote degradation by biotic and abiotic factors

22
Q

what are biopiles

A

artificially oxygentated, vaccum extracted heap and the VOCs are filtered out

23
Q

what is ex situ thermal treatment

A

HC desorb from soil at higher temps and can degrade which turn into CO2 and water, however its expensive but commonly used in explosives and PCBs

24
Q

what do you need for groundwater monitoring

A

where the wells should be (downgradient or upgradient)

what do you measure, when

compliance point, targent concentration and sentinel wells

25
Q

what are in situ remediation for contaminated soil

A

biodegradation
air sparing
soil vapour extraction
in situ chemical oxidation
PRB

26
Q

what are ex situ remediation for contaminated soil

A

dig and haul
biotreat
thermal treatment
soil washing
chemical stabilisation/immobilisation

27
Q

what are ex situ remediation for contaminated water

A

pump the NAPL (works best for light produces or recently released)
pump and treat (breaking pathway and treating groundwater - plume method_

28
Q

what are some PRB reactive media

A

GAC and ZVI (reductive dissolution)

29
Q

what method is commonly applied to PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)

A

soil washing - agitation and cleaning of contaminated soil. larger grain sizes are easier to wash.

30
Q

describe a treatment for contaminated soil ex situ

A
  1. water + contaminated soil goes into a trommel
  2. gets mixed together and then put into a hydrocyclone (coarse soil) or clarifier (fine soil)
  3. gets filtered once more then its clean

water gets treated elsewhere

31
Q

what are some issues with pump and treat of NAPL

A

residual NAPL will remain after treatment. need to consider a treatment train of the contaminated water.

32
Q

what sort of treatment for contaminated water is good for pump and treat

A

air stripping/bio venting or filtering through GAC. if there are inorganics present,

33
Q
A

envs3238 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions