Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Week 3 (Midterm) (Cholinergic) > Flashcards

Week 3 (Midterm) (Cholinergic) Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic (adrenergic) pre-ganglionic neurons secrete:

A

ACh (receptor is nicotinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parasympathetic (adrenergic) post-ganglionic neurons secrete:

A

ACh (receptor on end organ is muscarinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Somatic pre-ganglionic neurons secrete:

A

ACh (receptor is nicotinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Somatic post-ganglionic neurons secrete:

A

ACh (receptor on end organ is nicotinic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does SLUDGE stand for?

A 
Parasympathetic effects: 
Salvation
Lacrimation
Urination 
Defecation
Gastrointestinal 
Emesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Choline is transported into terminals via:

A

Na+/ACh symporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enzyme that converts choline to ACh

A

choline acetyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACh packaging into vesicles via:

A

ACh/H+ antiporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is ACh released?

A

Calcium-mediated fusion of vesicles with cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ACh –> _____ (breakdown)

A

Choline and acetate (acetylcholinesterase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What sympathetic NE receptor is on the heart?

A

Beta-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What parasympathetic ACh receptor is on the heart?

A

M2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemicholinium action

A

inhibits Na+/ACh symporter - choline into synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemicholinium effect

A

ACh depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vesamicol action

A

inhibits ACh/H+ antiporter - packaging into vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vesamicol effect

A

ACh depletion (no ACh packaged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Botulinum toxin action

A

inhibits vesicle release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Botulinum toxin use

A

local treatment for spastic disorders, wrinkles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Botulinum toxin SE

A

paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Latrotoxin/Beta-Bungarotoxin (spiders) action

A

Destroys synaptic vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Latrotoxin/Beta-Bungarotoxin (spiders) effect

A

flooding of ACh into cleft, overload and synaptic failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Latrotoxin/Beta-Bungarotoxin (spiders) SE

A

localized diaphoresis, weakness, myoclonus (weak twitching), local paresthesias (tingling), abd pain –> CV collapse, pulmonary edema, ileus (bowel blockage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3,4-diaminopyridine action

A

promotes vesicle fusion, release of ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3,4-diaminopyridine use

A

treatment of Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (autoantibodies to presynaptic Ca++ channels block ACh release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ganglionc agonists (used or nah?)

A

not clinically useful -effects are too systemic

- Nicotine (short term)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nicotine (short term) mechanism

A

targets ganglionic nicotinic ACh receptors in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nicotine (short term) effects

A

mix of sympathetic/parasympathetic (effects decline with repeat dosage)

  • CV: tachycardia/↑CO, BP
  • nausea, vomiting, ↓GI motility
  • diaphoresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Muscarinic agonists - clinically useful?

A

ACh not clinically useful because of acetylcholinesterase; derivatives have more effects and are more resistant to break-down

29
Q

Muscarine mechanism

A

Bind muscarinic receptors

30
Q

Muscarine effect

A

activates receptors like ACh (SLUDGE)

31
Q

Carbachol mechanism

A

bind muscarinic receptors and nicotinic “receptors” resistant to ACE

32
Q

Carbachol use

A

experimental

33
Q

Bethanecol mechanism

A

bind muscarinic receptors only

34
Q

Bethanecol use

A

urinary retention, neurogenic (Bowel and Bladder)

35
Q

Pilocarpine stability

A

VERY stable, lasts one day

36
Q

Pilocarpine mechanism

A

bind muscarinic receptors only

37
Q

Pilocarpine use

A

local open/closed angle glaucoma

38
Q

Pilocarpine SE

A

If in CNS, cause distrubances, sweating, salivation

39
Q

Anticholinesterases mechanism

A

inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity –> increase ACh signaling, SLUDGE effects

40
Q

What is Anticholinesterase used to treat?

A

Myasthenia Gravis, a disorder where autoantiboeis degrade nAChR __> leads to ptosis, diplopia, fatigable chewing, respiratory crisis

41
Q

Reversible - Short acting antiacetylcholinesterase

A

Edrophonium

10-20 min

42
Q

Endrophonium

A

competes with autoantibodies

was used as a form of diagnosis

43
Q

Reversible - medium acting anticholinesterase

A

Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine
(2-6 hrs)

44
Q

Neostigmine

A

Oral, used for MG, also for neurogenic ileus and post-op urinary retention

45
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Used for MG

46
Q

Physostigmine

A

Used for glaucoma (topical), atropine poisoning

47
Q

Irreversible anticholinesterases

A

Organophosphates

48
Q

Organophosphates action

A

Irreversibly binds ACE active site, alkyl group released (irreversible aging) –> cholinergic stimulation then paralysis

49
Q

Organophosphate uses

A

Insecticides, nerve gas, achothiophate (open-angle glaucoma)

50
Q

Ganglionic antagonist

A

Nicotine (long term)
Hexamethonium
Trimethaphan

51
Q

Nicotine (long term) mechanism

A

chronic stimulation leads to antagonism

52
Q

GANGLIONIC ANTAGONIST

Hexamethonium use

A

antihypertensive (obsolete)

53
Q

GANGLIONIC ANTAGONIST

Trimethaphan mechanism

A

Competitive ganglionic nACh receptor blocker (shorter acting, must be given IV)

54
Q

GANGLIONIC ANTAGONIST

Trimethaphan use

A

emergent perioperative lowering of BP

55
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists

A

Scopolamine

Atropine

56
Q

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

Atropine mechanism

A

competitively binds and inhibits mAChR, lasts 4 hours (longer in eye)

57
Q

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

Atropine use

A 
eye: mydriasis, cycloplegia for eye exams bladder/GI: antispasmodic
cholinergic overdose (mushroom/organophosphate poisoning) pre-op antisecretory agent for resp. tract
58
Q

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

Atropine SE

A
  • cutaneous flushing “red as a beet”
  • fever “hot as a hare”
  • CNS disturbances “Mad as a hatter”
  • Dry mouth “dry as a bone”
  • events in older pts with narrow angle glaucoma
59
Q

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

Scopolamine use

A

Motion sickness, as amnesic in anesthesia

60
Q

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

Scopolamine SE

A

like atropine + short-term memory loss

61
Q

Neuromuscular antagonists

A

Curare (non-depolarizing)

Succinylcholine (depolarizing)

62
Q

Non-depolarizing blockers - what do they do?

A

inhibit ACh Rs at motor end-plate –> causes flaccid paralysis that can be overcome with anticholinesterases

63
Q

Curare use

A

from plants, muscle relaxxants in anesthesia

64
Q

Depolarizing agents - what do they do?

A

bind and activate ACh Rs repeatedly (agonism)

65
Q

Depolarizing agents - 2 phases

A

1) fasciculations
2) paralysis
(Channels inactivate with chronic stimulation)

66
Q

Succinylcholine is acetylcholinesterase _____

67
Q

Succinylcholine use

A

endotracheal intubation, anesthesia induction

68
Q

Succinylcholine SE

A

malignant hyperthermia w/ halothane, apnea

Pharm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions