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Foundations of Medicine > Week 3 - Microbiology Bacterial Growth and Physiology > Flashcards

Week 3 - Microbiology Bacterial Growth and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial Gowth

A

Means multiplication… not bacteria getting bigger!

Bacterial repliation is the generation of 2 complete daughter cells from one cell

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2
Q

How to bacteria multiply?

A

Bionary Fission

Replication of DNA

Polar separation of daughter chromosomes

Generation of the cross-wall

Separation

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3
Q

What are steps of bacterial multiplication?

A

DNA Replication

Separation of daughter chromosomes

Cross wall generation

Separation

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4
Q

Static Antibiotics

A

Stops multiplication

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5
Q

Dynamic Antibiotics

A

…

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6
Q

What is generation time?

A

The time for one bacterial cell to become two

This is also the time for a number of cells in a culture to double

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7
Q

What is doubling time?

A

Generation time

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8
Q

Bacteria in abcess vs bacteria in blood

A

Bacteria abcess dont grow ast fast so have to have longer acting antibactirea than bacteria in blood (grow really fast…)

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9
Q

What does bacterial growth curve look like?

A

If there was a slower growing bacteria species the exponential phase would have a lower slope*

Like bacteria growing in blood vs bacteria in an abscess (slower)

Lag phase is when bacteria are adapting to new environment

Log (growth phase) bacteria are doubling!

Stationary phase - nutreints are exahusted, toxins build bacteria remain in constant number

Death phase - toxins kill bacteria (not in all bacteria)

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10
Q

How is this graph different in abcess vs blood?

A

…

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11
Q

Why want to colonize bacteria?

A

If someone has UTI.. we want to know how many bacteria are in it… so take sample of urine and colonize it

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12
Q

How to determine bacterial concentration by serial dilution and colony and colony forming units (CFU)?

A

To determine concentration of bacterial from a liquid culture.. Culture is diluted and plated onto media

Each colony represents ONE bacterium from original culture

For a given culture.. at each time point

Make 10-fold dilutions of a culture

Spread a known volume on an agar plate

Allow colonies to grow

Count number of colonies

Calculate original concentration (at time of sampling)

This only represents LIVE (VIABLE) bacteria

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13
Q

What are growth requirements for bacteria? What does it depend on?

A

Depends on genetic information in bacteria

All of the elements for organic matter

Ions for energy generation, catalysts, and osmotic maintenance

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14
Q

Energy from Fermentation

A

Anaerobic bacterial use this.. why? because if they are exposed to O2 they die

The formation of ATP is not coupled to electron transfer (Electron transport chain)

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15
Q

Energy from Respiration

A

Formation of ATP via oxitative phosphorylation (chemical reduction of an oxidant) where ATP is formed during electron transfer

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16
Q

Energy from Photosynthesis

A

No medically important bacteria here.

ATP is formed via reduction of an oxidant via light energy

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17
Q

Fermentation

A

Can use the products of fermentation to identify bacteria**

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18
Q

e

A

…

19
Q

What are nutritional requirements for bacteria?

A

…

20
Q

Heterotroph

A

majority of bacteria*

Requires pre-formed organic compounds like sugars, amino acids, and vitamins

21
Q

Autotroph

A

Can synthesize everything it needs from inorganic compounds like CO2

22
Q

Hypotroph

A

Is an oblicgate intracellular pathogen requiring the host to provide organic compounds - can also be called an intracellular heterotroph

23
Q

What are three types of bactria based on nutritional req’s?

A

Heterotroph

Autotroph

Hypotroph

24
Q

How can bacteria uptake nutrients?

A

Diffusion through cytoplasmic membrane: Three ways

Carrier mediated diffusion (facilitated diffusion)

Phosphorylation-linked transoprt (group translocation)

Active transport

25
Q

Permease

A

Carrier protein to aid uptake of nutritients through plasma membrane

26
Q

Carrier Mediated Diffusion

A

Facilitated diffusion - Nutrients travel across membrane due to concentration gradient

Conentration dependant

Not energy dependant

27
Q

Phosphorylation - linked transport

A

Group translocation

Energy dependent

Some sugars are taken up this way

Sugars are co-transported with a carrier and phosphorylated in the process

28
Q

Active Transport

A

Energy dependent

Requires generation of proton-motive force

Protons pumped out of cell, creating flux of protons in and out of organism

Molecules are coupled to uptake of protons making overall energetics favorable

Requires a symport for the uptake of protons and the nutrient

29
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Must have O2 for growth

30
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

No requirements of O2

Usually killed by O2 radicals

31
Q

Faculative Anaerobes

A

Can grow with or without O2

32
Q

Microaerophilic

A

Must grow at low concentrations of O2 (less than 20%)

33
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Similar to facultative but prefer anaerobic (fermentative) growth

34
Q

What is superoxide dismutase?

A

Removes radicals

35
Q

Which, facultative or anaerobic organism, in abcess

A

facultative because can grow with or without O2…

36
Q

Growth location based on gaseous requirement

A
37
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Grow best in range of 0-20C

38
Q

Mesophiles

A

Grow best in range of 20-45C

Most bacteria… we deal with

39
Q

Thermophiles

A

Grow best in range of 45-90C

40
Q

Bacterial growth media

A

Basid growth req’s for bacteria must be simulated in lab

Liquid media is a broth

Solid is broth + 15% agar

Defined media is made with chemicals at know concentrations

41
Q

Defferential Media

A

Supplies nutrients and indicators (pH or RBC) for visual determination of which organisms are present

Betahemolytic strep.. Can put in solid cultrure with RBCs. Can see if it lyces RBCs and visually diagnose

42
Q

Selective media

A

Selects AGAINST growth of particular bacteria by addition of dyes, acid/base, salts, or antibiotics

43
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

Both Differential and Selective Media

44
Q

MacConkey Agar: Bile salts and Crystal Violet

A

Inhibit growth of gram POS (selective) and has lactose plus a pH indicator to indicate the fermentation of lactose (differential)

Foundations of Medicine (42 decks)

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