Week 3- medications Flashcards
Glycopeptide: Vancomycin
Gram what?
Kills what? and what route?
Gram + only
Kills MRSA (IV only)
Kills C.diff (PO only)
Glycopeptide: Vancomycin
ADVERSE EFFECTS- the Big Three!
How many grams per hour through IV?
Nephrotoxicity
1. monitor SCr/BUN, vancomycin levels (troughs)
Ototoxicity
1. Rare and potentially reversible
2. Vestibular damage- dizziness/balance
3. Cochlea- hearing, tinnitus (ringing in ears), fullness in ears
Histamine release/flushing syndrome
1. Vancomycin Infusion Reaction-
Formerly (and still called) “Red Man Syndrome”
1 GRAM PER HOUR
Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin
ACE of HEARTS
Use if allergic to what?
treats what?
What is given for ear infection?
Use if Penicillin Allergies
Respiratory Infections
STI- Chlamydia
Amoxicillin
Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin
what problems does it cause?
HEART PROBLEMS!
QT prolongation!
Ototoxicity
GI- N/V/D- (Erythromycin is used to promote GI motility)
Take with food
Tetracyclines:
Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocycline
Used to treat?
How to take it?
Acne- topical and oral preparations
Lyme Disease
Chlamydia
Rocky mountain fever
Anthrax
Sit upright with a glass of water
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocycline
side effects?
Binds to what?
avoid taking when?
Binds to calcium- bones, teeth, drugs
TOOTH DISCOLORATION
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
GI irritation
Hepatotoxicity with larger dose
AVOID bedtime and calcium
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocyline
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS
calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum products
Take on empty stomach (full glass of water)
Oral Contraceptives and Warfarin
Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Demeclocyline
CONTRA-INDICATIONS/ AVOID IN?
Pregnant Women
Nursing Women
Children < 8 years old
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin
used for what bacteria?
Pseudomonas (serious gram negative infections)
Neomycin can be used topically for skin, eye, ear infections
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin
ADVERSE EFFECTS
causes what?
do not mix with what?
OTOTOXICITY
NEPHROTOXICITY
DO NOT MIX WITH PENICILLIN IN SAME SYRINGE
check trough levels
Nitroimidazole/Anti-protozoal:
Metronidazole
Used to treat?
Antibiotic
H.pylori
Anaerobic bacteria
Used in surgeries for GI and GU
Vaginal, abdominal, colorectal
Antiprotozoal
Trichomoniasis, Giardiasis
Nitroimidazole/Anti-protozoal:
Metronidazole (metallic taste)
ADVERSE EFFECTS
DISULFIRAM LIKE REACTION
(NO ALCOHOL!)
METALLIC TASTE
Urine discoloration (harmless)
GI Symptoms (take with food)
CNS toxicity (report any numbness, seizures, etc.)
Sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim®)- IV,PO
Used to treat?
UTIs- E.Coli
Lung Infections (PJP)
Sulfonamides
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim®)- IV,PO
Causes what in newborns?
and what else does it cause?
Stay hydrated
PANCYTOPENIA
KERNICTURUS in newborns
SJS, PHOTOSENSITIVTY – REPORT A RASH, FEVER!!
Hyperkalemia
AVOID IN SULFA ALLERGY
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin (Levaquin®) IV, PO
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro®)- IV, PO, otic, ophthalmic
Used to treat?
UTIs-E.Coli
Anthrax
Pneumonia
