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Phys 261 > Week 3 Lecture Quiz > Flashcards

Week 3 Lecture Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of everything else besides the spine and brain. Which also includes somatic system (NS).

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3
Q

Somatic system

A

Controls Voluntary muscles within our body.

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4
Q

Autonomic system

A

Includes - sympathetic - fight or flight
- parasympathetic - rest and digest

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5
Q

Types of neurons in our body?

A

Sensory neurons, inter neurons,efferent neurons.

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6
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Are neurons pick up inflammation which is the stimulus ,within our environment or our body

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Are neurons between sensory neurons and center nervous system

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8
Q

Efferent neurons

A

After the brain has processed information and then it will send a sign a signal back out into the effective organ through the efferent neuron.

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9
Q

Here does the action potential start

A

Axon helleck

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10
Q

Brain survives on

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Perpheral nervous system we have other cells beside neurons which are called

A

Glial cells.

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12
Q

Majority of our cells in our nervous system is

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

Glial (peripheral nervous system) 2 kinds of cells

A

Schwann cell AND SATELLITE CEL

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14
Q

SCHAWN CELLS

A

ARE RESPONSIBLE PRODUCING MYELLEN SHEATHS

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15
Q

NODES OF RANVIER

A

GAPS IN BETWEEN MYELIN SHEATHS

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16
Q

SATELINE CELLS

A

FORMS SUPPORTIVE CAPSUE IN GANGLIA

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17
Q

GANGALIA

A

IS A COLLLECTION OF CELL BODY IN THE PERHERAL SYSTEM

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18
Q

GILAL CELL IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES.,ASTROCYTES.,MICROGILIA.,EPENDYMAL CELLS.

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19
Q

OLIGODENDROCYTES

A

ALSO PROUDUCES MYLEIIN SHEATH
DIFFRENCE FROM SCHAWN CELL 1.LOCATIO 2.EACH SCHWAN ELL CAN MILANATE ONE AXON HOWEVER EACH OLIGO CAN ILANATE MULTIPLE AXONS.

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20
Q

ASTROCYTES IN THE CNS

A

IS THE STAR.
THEY DO S MANY THING , THEY TAKE UP AND RALSE CHEMICAL RESPONSIBLE FR WATER AND K+ BALANCE, THEY SUPPORT FEED THE NEURON ., THEY FORM LOOD BRAIN BARRIER .

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21
Q

MICROGILIA

A

PROVIDE IMMUNE EFENSE FOR OUR BRAIN.

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22
Q

EPENDYMAL CELL

A

ARE A SOURCE OF STEM CELL.

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23
Q

EVERY NEURON IN OUR BODY HAS A RESTING MEMMBRANEPOTIENTAL , DETERMINED PRIMARLY BY

A

K+ CONCENTRATION GRADIENT /. CELLS RESTINGG PERMEABILITY TO K+ ,NA+ AND CL- AT RESTING OUR NEURONS HAVE A CHARGE OF -70.

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24
Q

DIFFRENT CHANNELS THAT EXISNET WITHIN OUR NERVOUS SYSTEMS

A

GATED CHANNELS

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25
Q

GATED CHANNELS
DIFFRENT activated

A

Control ion Permbeilitky.
-Mechnicallly
-chemically gated
-voltage gated

26
Q

Threshold voltage on gated channels varies.

A

varies from one Chanel type to another

27
Q

Potential in nervou system

A

Action potential- short lived and they are all or nothing. Occurs where? Usually in dentures and cell body

Graded potential are variable . Occurs? Trigger zone is where the AXON HELLIC

28
Q

Stored glucose form

A

Glycogen

29
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

What is it for? Survival / protection
Ex- pit bull jumps in front of you you get scared heart rate goes up. We need it to react faster.fight or flight. Skelton muscles work hard. Increases heart heart rate oxygen nutrient .

30
Q

Each time your ventricle contract normal amount blood ejected from left vertical

A

50-70%

31
Q

Adrenaline comes from what organ

A

Endocrine
Which gland. Adrenal gland

32
Q

Adrenal gland- what are the five elements of the adrenal gland

A

-capsule
-zona glomerulosa
-zona fasciculata
Zona reticulariis
Medula

33
Q

Hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone , cortisol, androgen and estrogen

34
Q

Adrenal Modular’s produce what ind of hormones

A

Catecholamines,,epinephrine,norepinephrine.

35
Q

1.Sympathetic nervous system what does it do?

What happens to the glucose?

A

1.Pupils dilate heart rate goes up respiratory goes up.

Elevated blood glucose levels by promoting glucose production, glycogenesis, and the breakdown of glycogenesis into glucose

Think about what would you need to be in dyer situation. Would you want your eyes to get smaller or wider ? Of course higher because you’ll see everything enter spot danger so the pupils dilate

36
Q

Peripheral NS

A

Schwann cell satelite cell

37
Q

What makes-up blood brain barrier

A

Astrocyte

38
Q

Epidymal cells produce what?

A

CSF cerebral spinal Fluid

39
Q

Chloride plexus

A

-Group of specialized vascular structures located in the ventricles are 
PRODUCES CSF
-Chloride plexus serves as a barrier in the brain separating the blood from the CSF known as the blood CSF barrier

40
Q

NEURON
COMPONENTS

A
41
Q

Synapse

A

Is the junction between. Neurons and another neurons or between neuron and effector cell

42
Q

Synapse cleft

A

The gap between the cells at a synapse.

43
Q

What happened to the Neuro transmitters once it is released?

A

Advance to the chemically gated sodium receptors of the post synaptic membrane

44
Q

How are the neurotransmitter removed from the sympathy cleft?

A

By diffudon out the cleft , removed by an enzyme or vie uptake pumps that actively pum neurotransmitters back into the presnapic axon.

45
Q

spatial summation

A

Spatial think of DIFFRENT area when you have signals coming from DIFFERENT sources that comes in and when they are close together they combine.

46
Q

Temporal summation

A

Is when you have a signal or multiple signal coming from one source when its fired repaetiousaly when its fired close enough together they combine.

47
Q

Action potential

A

Refractory period -

Are a mechanism prevents joint of tw action potential

48
Q

Absolute refectory period

A

ABSOULUTLEY NO other action potential can be fired

49
Q

Relative refractory

A

Can be fired by the magnitude of its stimulus . -

50
Q

Ketones

A

Are a type of chemical produced in your liver when your body is breaking Dow fats.

51
Q

Ketones are important to the nervous system because

A

The nervous system relies son ketones when glucose is scares because ketones serve s an alternative energy source for the brain.

52
Q

Brain used what instead of glucose

A

Ketone

53
Q

Ketones are a

A

It’s a metabolic waste , metabolic acid comes from fatty acid

54
Q

Production of ketones

A
  • made in the liver from the breakdown of fats.
    Low glucose - when carbs are limited the liver breaks down fats into ketones
55
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS
1.-FUNCTIONS
2-.-LOCATION
3.-MEMORY ROLE.

A

1.HELPS IN FORMING AND STORING NEW MEMORIES,AND ASSISTS WITH NAVAGATION.
2.DEEP INSIDE BRAINS TEMPORAL LOBE.
3.MEMORY ROL.IMPORTANT FOR LEARNING AND RECALLING INFORMATION.

56
Q

AMYGDALA
FUNCTION
LOCATION
EMOTIONAL ROLE

A

-PROCESS EMOTIONS,ESPECIALLY FEAR AND AGGRESSIONS
-IN THE BRAINS TEMPORAL LOB NEAR THE HIPPOCAMPUS
-INFLUENCES HOW WE RESPOND TO EMOTIONAL SITUATIONS.

57
Q

AMYGDALA VS hyPOCAMPUS
SIMILARITIES

A

-Both are in the limbic system and involved and emotions and memory
-Hippocampus focuses MORE ON MEMORY amygdala key for emotions like fear.

58
Q

Hippocampus and Amayagdala short exp-

A

In short, the hippocampus helps us remember while the amygdala helps us feel emotions like fear.

59
Q

Metabolism

A

Any chemical reaction

Is the bodies process converting food into energy and using the energy to build and repair cells

60
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaks down complex molecules into simple ones
Produces atp and smaller molecules like glucose ,fatty acid, and amino acid.
Ex -digestion of food and cellar respiration

61
Q

Anabolism

A

Builds up complex molecules from simpler ones
Requires energy input to synthesize proteins carbs ad lipids

62
Q

Animalism andcataboism

A

In simpler terms, catabolism brakes, things down for energy will Anable ism build things up using energy together they regulate metabolism and support cell function.

Phys 261 (2 decks)

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