Week 3 Info

Question 1

colonialist history of archaeology

Answer 1

treating dead of non-western populations as scientific specimens, not somebody’s ancestors

Question 2

western revulsion of disturbing the dead not extended to non-western people (3)

Answer 2

1. racist notions that non-westerners don’t have valid sensibilities
2. privileging western constructions of history and ignoring non-western interactions w/ past and ancestry
3. de-historicizing and de-humanizing non-western peoples

Question 3

excavation of dead a deeply colonial endeavor (2)

Answer 3

1.western science used to justify
2.starts to change in 70s (permitting, working w/ community
3.part of wider grappling w/ stances/ legacy of academic colonialism

Question 4

NAGPRA (5)

Answer 4

1. tribal authority over unmarked graves
   2.prohibits selling of bones
   3.repatriation (return) of human remains to tribes
   4.return of unaffiliated remains found on tribal lands
   5.return of inappropriately acquired sacred or funerary or communal property (things looted)

Question 5

“Protection” under NAGPRA (3)

Answer 5

1. gives authorization to NA tribes over human remains on federal (and state) lands
   2.does not apply to private land
   3.does not have a no touch/ move rule

Question 6

time of reflection for archaeologists (4)

Answer 6

1.acknowledging and repairing shameful past
2.avoiding excavating non-western burials
3.rethinking presentations (not using NA dead)
4.role for healing, countering colonial notions

Question 7

Future?

Answer 7

1.community-oriented archaeology where descendants set agendas/ primary voices
2.acknowledging and avoiding shameful past practices
3.archaeology uniquely suited (reveal hidden histories)
4.humazie the dead
5.recognize how the dead mattered to the living

Question 8

graves common in African diaspora?

Answer 8

graves lined by cobblestone

Question 9

aspects of african heritage (2)

Answer 9

1.teeth filed into different shapes
2.waistbeads

Question 10

goal of black cemetery projects (4)

Answer 10

1.create places for memory and commemoration
2.recover the identities and lived experiences of marginalized people
3.give voice to the silent, and repeople our past in a way that reflects realities of those who lived through it
4.change how American history is being told and experienced

Question 11

sumerian civilization (3400-2300 BC) (4)

Answer 11

1.world’s 1st cities
2.cities dominated by ziggurats (pyrmaids with stairs)
3. world’s 1st writing
4. world’s 1st literature

Question 12

leonard wooley

Answer 12

discoverd death pits of Ur (16, royal tombs) (2700-2350 BC)

Question 13

Royal Funeral: Phase 1 (7)

Answer 13

1. tomb construction
2. burial pit dug
3. tomb chamber built
4. tomb chamber filled
5. primary body on coffin
6. add grave goods
7. seal tomb chamber

Question 14

Royal Funeral: Phase 2 (8)

Answer 14

1. people and animals go in pit
2. bring in more grave goods
3. ceremony (music, feast)
4. human sacrifices (strangled? poison? hit in back of head? animals killed)
5. bodies arranged (6 soldiers, 4 harpists, 64 women)
6. filling pit
7. bodies oriented (involved rites)
8. partially filled –> fires lit, feasts, libations, offerings

Question 15

Royal Funeral: Phase 3 (2)

Answer 15

1. another chamber made (more offerings and sacrifices, 2-3 episodes)
2. complete tomb covering

Question 16

Royal Funeral: Phase 4 (2)

Answer 16

1. shrine built over tomb
2. evolve (500 yrs) into temple (dedicates to deceased royalty?)

Question 17

Queen Puabi (7)

Answer 17

1. head crown/ headdress
2. gold
3. jewelry
4. 10 gold rings
5. gold hair pins
6. royal scepter
7. lid to cosmetic box (lion attacking ram)