Week 3 - Inflammation, Phagocytosis, Innate Immunity Flashcards
True or False: The skin is the largest immune defence organ as it provides a physical barrier to invaders?
True
What do oil glands of the skin secrete? And is this molecule harmful to all pathogens?
Oil glands secrete peptides. No, these peptides can keep down bad bacteria but help/leave alone bacteria that defend you from other bacteria.
What enzymes reside in the mucus of the lungs and gut? What is their function?
Lysozomes. They chew up the coats of bacteria.
What defence mechanisms does the stomach have?
Mucus = lysozymes and acid.
What can be the downside of decreasing the inflammatory response?
Increase in recovery time.
What is the purpose of a fever?
It sequesters iron from the blood making it harder for bacteria to grow.
What are the 3 processes that occur when skin is penetrated?
Cytokine release (to broken skin and bacteria)–>neutrophils–>chemokine release (type of cytokine to attract more cells to site)
Describe the steps of migration of a neutrophil across the endothelium.
Binding of Lectin to Mucin increases cell ‘stickiness’, eventually leading to arrest and then migration.
What are the 2 ways in which Toll-Like Receptors can be oriented?
Plasma = receptor on the outside of the plasma membrane and signaller inside. Endosome = receptor on the inside and signal outside.
Why are viruses not recognised by the innate immune system by their membrane patterns?
Because these are borrowed from other cells. And so not recognised by the pattern system of the II.
What are viruses recognised by?
Nucleic Acid
What 2 features distinguish bacterial cells from our cells?
- Bacteria flagella have methylated patterns in their flagella DNA
- Different cell wall compounds
What makes yeast different from your cells?
Cell wall compounds
What unicellular eukaryotes are hard to detect and why?
Giardia and Trypanosome, flagella the same as ours.
Why are tapeworms hard to detect?
Multicellular eukaryote
