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CardioPulmonary > Week 3: HF & Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Week 3: HF & Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy with preserved systolic function and impaired relaxation?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by increased LV chamber size and systolic dysfunction?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of congestive heart failure?

A

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction
(CMD)

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4
Q

In hypertension, increased arterial pressure leads to?

A

left ventricular
hypertrophy

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5
Q

What medication should be taken with a pulmonary embolism?

A

Rapidly acting fibrinolytic agent (heparin)

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6
Q

What values would indicate Pulmonary hypertension?

A

Abnormal if >25 mm Hg or in patients
with COPD if >20 mm Hg

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7
Q

A murmur heard in Mitral area in systole would indicate which valve disease?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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8
Q

Mitral regurgitation would be considered what type of murmur?

A

Systolic murmur / Holosystolic murmur

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9
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation would be considered what type of murmur?

A

Systolic murmur / Holosystolic murmur

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10
Q

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis would be considered what type of murmur?

A

Snap diastolic murmur

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11
Q

Mitral/Tricuspid regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S1 and S2

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12
Q

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S2 and S1

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13
Q

Aortic valve regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S2 and S1

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation?

A
  • High systolic pressure with lower diastolic pressure
    means wider pulse pressure
  • Bounding Pulse
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15
Q

Aortic valve regurgitation can best be heard where?

A

ERBS area

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16
Q

Aortic Valve Stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S1 and S2

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17
Q

Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S2 and S1

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18
Q

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Between S1 and S2

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19
Q

A mid to late systolic murmur heard at Pulmonic area and a split S2 is characteristic of?

A

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

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20
Q

Early diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in ERBS area during inspiration is characteristic of?

A

Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation

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21
Q

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis mainly caused by?

A

Rh fever (Rheumatic)

22
Q

What is a common clinical
manifestation of heart
failure?

A

Pulmonary edema

23
Q

What type of heart failure is characterized by blood back up into left atrium and lungs?

A

Left Sided HF

24
Q

What type of heart failure is characterized by blood back up into right atrium and venous vasculature?

A

Right Sided HF

25
Q

What type of heart failure is characterized peripheral edema?

A

Right Sided HF

26
Q

What type of heart failure is characterized shortness of breath and cough?

A

Left Sided HF

27
Q

Raised jugular venous distention is a common symptom of which type of HF?

A

Right Sided HF

28
Q

Cerebral hypoxia is a common symptom of?

A

Left Sided HF

29
Q

Which Functional Classification of HF will NOT see a decrease in ejection fraction?

A

Diastolic failure

30
Q

Which functional classification of HF Reduces SV, CO, EF?

A

Systolic Failure

31
Q

(T/F) S3 is heard in HF patients?

A

TRUE

32
Q

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by no trouble with breathlessness except with strenuous
exercise?

A

Grade 0

33
Q

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by trouble with shortness of breath when hurrying on the level
or walking up a slight hill?

A

Grade 1

34
Q

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by walking slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace on the level?

A

Grade 2

35
Q

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by Stopping for breath after walking about 100 meters or after a
few minutes on a leveled surface?

A

Grade 3

36
Q

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by being too breathless to leave the house or breathless when
dressing or undressing?

A

Grade 4

37
Q

In lab findings elevated Brain
Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is characterized by what value?

A

Normal levels
are < 100pg/mL

> 400 pg/ml
indicative of
HF

38
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Ace inhibitors?

A

dry cough and rash

39
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

slight risk of angioedema, hyperkalemia

40
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs)?

A

impotence and gynecomastia

41
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Diuretics?

A

Therapeutic concerns-electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, monitor for OH

42
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of beta-blockers?

A

hypotension, blunts
HR with exercise

43
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of If Channel Blockers
(Ivabradine)?

A

blurred vision,
bradycardia and headaches

44
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Cardiac glycosides
(Digitalis)?

A

Arrythmias/bradycardia

45
Q

What are possible adverse side effects of Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs)?

A

hyperkalemia, renal failure, angioedema with overlap of
ACE-Is and ARBs

46
Q

When are IF Channel Blockers
(Ivabradine) indicated?

A

Indicated for patients with
symptomatic HFrEF (LVEF< 35%) and
HF>70bpm

47
Q

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Abdominal obesity?

A

Elevated Waist
circumference
M> 40 inches, F>35inches

48
Q

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Reduced Serum HDL?

A

M <40,g/dL, F<50mg/dL

49
Q

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Elevated Serum triglycerides?

A

> 150mg/dL

50
Q

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with elevated fasting plasma glucose?

A

> 100mg/dL

51
Q

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with elevated BP?

A

> 130/85 mmHg

52
Q

What is the PT’s role in helping patient’s with Metabolic Syndrome for exercise?

A

Regular exercise
- 150min/week of mod intensity aerobic activity,
- resistance training 2x week

CardioPulmonary (1 decks)

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