Week 3 - Growth and Development Flashcards
What is the pattern of growth?
- Physical development: changes in shape and size
- Psychosocial development: changes in emotions and personality
- Cognitive development: changes in ways of thinking and interpreting
Define Growth
- Physical changes and increase in size
- Measured quantitatively
- E.g. height, weight, head circumference
Define Development
- Increase in the complexity of function and skill progression
- Capacity and skill of a person to adapt to the environment
- behavioural aspect of growth
- E.g. learning to walk, run, talk
How do we assess growth?
- Head circumference
- Height percentile
- Weight percentile
- BMI percentile
What are the domains of development?
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Social/Emotional
- Language
Stages of Growth and
Development in 2 months
Social/Emotional:
- Looks at your face
- Calms down when spoken to or picked up
- Smiles when you talk to or smile at them
Language/Communication:
- Coos, makes gurgling sounds
- Reacts to loud sounds
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving):
- Watches you as you move
- Looks at a toy for several seconds
Movement/Physical Development:
- Holds head up when on tummy
- Moves both arms and both legs
- Opens hands briefly
Stages of Growth and
Development in 6 months
Social/Emotional
- Knows familiar people
- Likes to look at self in the mirror
- Laughs
Language/Communication
- Responds to sounds by making sounds
- Makes squealing noises
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving):
- Puts things in their mouth to explore them
- Reaches to grab a toy they want
Movement/Physical Development
- Rolls from tummy to back
- Pushes up with straight arms when on tummy
- Leans on hands to support self when sitting
Stages of Growth and
Development in 9 months
Social/Emotional
- Is shy, clingy, or fearful around strangers
- Looks when you call their name
- Reacts when you leave
- Smiles or laughs when you play peek-a-boo
Language/Communication
- Makes a lot of different sounds
- Lifts arms up to be picked up
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
- Looks for objects when dropped out of sight
- Bangs two things together
Movement/Physical Development
- Can get into a sitting position by self
- Sits without support
Stages of Growth and
Development in 12 months
Social/Emotional
- Plays games with you, like pat-a-cake
- Has favourite things and people
Language/Communication
- Waves ‘bye-bye’
- Calls a parent ‘mama’ or ‘dada’ or another special name
- Understands ‘no
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
- Puts something in a container, like a block in a cup
- Looks for things they see you hide
Movement/Physical Development
- Pulls up to stand
- Walks, holding onto furniture
- Drinks from a cup without a lid
Stages of Growth and
Development in 2 to 3 year olds
- says own name
- plays co-operatively
- walks upstairs with both feet on one step
- walks few steps on tiptoes
- begins to run
Stages of Growth and
Development in 3 to 4 years old
- alternate feet upstairs
- walks in a straight line
- able to hop 4-6 times
- pedals and steers a tricycle
- relate recent experiences using
sentences
Stages of Growth and
Development in 4 to 5 years old
- alternates feet downstairs
- begins to skip
- hops 7-9 times smoothly
- throws ball with the shift of the body
- catches ball with hands
Stages of Growth and
Development in 5 years old
- complex motor tasks e.g. skipping, walking along a line
- pencil skills for drawing a person, copying a triangle and colouring within outlines
- can give name and age
- engage in conversation about a recent or routine past even
- Makes friends
Stages of Growth and
Development in 6 to 7 years old
- rides two-wheel bike
- uses knife, fork and spoon
- legibly prints letters
- learns to tell time
- learns to read
Stages of Growth and
Development in 8 to 9 years old
- plays team sports
- able to use household tools
- understands concepts of time
- knows the date and month
- likes competitive games
Stages of Growth and
Development in 10 to 12 years old
- eye-hand coordination well developed
- fine motor skills developed
- developing ability for abstract thought
- able to write stories
- rules are important
Stages of Growth and
Development in 13 to 20 years old
- Begins with puberty and ends
when the individual is physically
and psychologically mature and
able to assume adult responsibilities - Physical growth accelerates during
this period (puberty) - Body image
- Increased independence
- Risk-taking behaviours
