Week 3 - Genetic Research Flashcards
Genetic Research Overview:
Dr. Kaili Rimfeld’s lecture explores how genetics and environment intertwine in mental disorders like depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.
Methods: It uses family, adoption, and twin studies, along with genome-wide analyses, to understand why individuals vary in mental health.
Association Studies:
There are two types: Candidate-gene studies focus on specific genes, while GWAS look at the entire genome without preconceptions.
GWAS: These studies examine millions of genetic variations across the genome simultaneously.
Power and Testing of GWAS
GWAS demands stringent p-value correction due to testing numerous genetic markers.
History of GWAS:
Significant genetic associations increase with sample size, illustrating genetic complexities over time.
GWAS of Major Disorders:
Studies of schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder reveal growing genetic insights with larger samples.
Genetic Factors in Disorders:
While tiny, identified genetic associations collectively explain little disorder variance.
Abnormal is Normal:
Genes linked to disorders are also associated with normal traits, challenging traditional views.
Polygenic Scores:
These scores combine multiple genetic variations to predict disorder risks, offering potential clinical applications.
Transferability of Polygenic Risk Scores:
Polygenic risk scores may not accurately predict traits across different ethnicities.
Ethical Considerations:
Genetic information raises concerns about misuse and privacy breaches.
Psychiatric Genetic Counseling:
Counseling helps individuals grasp the implications of genetic testing, though acceptance rates remain low.
Group Discussion Topics:.
The utility and ethical implications of genetic counseling and testing are vital group discussion points
