Week 3 Culture Flashcards
prior to the 70s, 78.3% of immigrants were from____________
europe
by 2016, around ____% of Canadians were either landed immigrants or _________ _________.
22; permanent residents
which continent makes up 61.8% of the 1.2 mill. immigrants in 2016 (Canada)?
Asia (+ middle East)
which demographic is the fastest-growing in Canada?
Indigenous population
ethnopharmacology
studies how cultural + genetic factors influence drug responses
race
based on GENETIC features e.g. skin colour
ethnicity + culture
reflect shared heritage, language and traditions that evolve over time
what term represents 50 + cultural groups/band associations e.g. Cree, Mi’kmaq?
First Nations
How much of Canada’s Indigenous pop. are Inuit?
5%
inclusive term for Inuit, First nations, and metis
Indigenous
How much of the pop. are Metis?
30%
How much of the pop. are First Nations?
65%
Which group has most of its pop. living on reserves?
First Nations (47%)
Drug polymorphism
how variations in age, gender, body size and composition affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
factors influencing drug polymorphism (3)
-environmental
-cultural
-genetic
environmental
-diet + nutrition
–> malnutrition can impair enzyme activity (drug metabolism altered)
-economic
cultural
-beliefs + attitudes toward meds affect willingness
-use of natural remedies that interact w/prescribed meds
genetic
-acetylation rates amongst different ethnic groups
acetylation
when acetyl group is added to a molecule allowing it to modify proteins, lipids and drugs (metabolism)
slow acetylators and its affects on drug admin
- Euro + African ppl
- higher drug levels present due to slower metabolism (risk for toxicity)
rapid acetylators
-Japanese + Inuit ppl
-faster metabolism = needs higher doses for therapeutic affect
Cytocrhome P450 enzymes
- found in liver
-variations of this enzyme influence drug metabolism - controls phase 1 of hepatic metabolism (oxidizing drugs to modify them)
Asian Populations (metabolism)
- poor metabolizers of psychotropic antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)
-poor metabolizers of antidepressants + antipsychotics
African populations (metabolism)
- antihypertensives:
–> respond better to thiazide diuretics + calcium channel blockers than ACE inhibitors - have higher serum drug levels (increased toxicity) for lithium therapy
Japanese + taiwanese patients
require lower dosages of lithium b/c of low metabolism
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
Cultural practices: African descent (3)
-emphasis on proper diet + rest
-herbal teas, laxative, protective bracelets + folk meds
-prayer, laying on of hands + relying on home remedies
Cultural practices: Asian descent (1 theory + 3 practices)
-Ying + Yang theory (balancing between opposing forces)
-acupuncture
-herbal remedies
-heat treatments
Indigenous Medicine Wheel
-honours sacred number 4
–> 4 directions, seasons, aspects of heath
4 aspects of health
physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual
ayurveda + unani
-balance between body, mind and environment
-focus on bodily humours
Ten med admin rights
-patient
-med
-dose
-route
-time
-documentation
-reason
-response
-education
-to refuse
