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patho-pharm > week 3: CNS continued...drugs affecting the CNS > Flashcards

week 3: CNS continued...drugs affecting the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

drugs given in the CNS are

A

centrally active drugs

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2
Q

what are types of CNS depressants

A

anti-psychotics
opioid analgesics
sedative-hypnotics

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3
Q

why are CNS stimulants not used as often

A

they are less useful therapeutically

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4
Q

define pain

A

subjective experience-unpleasant

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5
Q

define pain threshold

A

level of stimulus that results in the perception of pain

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6
Q

define pain tolerance

A

level of pain endured without interfering with normal functioning

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7
Q

define analgesic

A

drug that relieves pain without causing LOC

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8
Q

pain classifications-by onset and duration

A

chronic
acute

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9
Q

pain classifications- by source

A

somatic
visceral
superficial
vascular
referred
neuropathic
phantom
cancer
psychogenic
central

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10
Q

when people OD what do they die of

A

respiratory depression

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11
Q

opioids-mechanism of action: agonist…what does it bind to and causes what and an example

A

-bind to opioid receptor in the brain
- cause analgesic response
ex. morphine sulfate

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12
Q

opioids-mechanism of action: partial agonist, binds to, causes what, example

A

-pain receptor
- cause limited actions
- pentazocine/talwin

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13
Q

opioids-mechanism of action: antagonist…what does it do, binds where, what is it known as, examples

A

-reverse the effects of other opioid agents
- binds to receptor and has no action
- body’s own ‘endorphins’
-ex. naloxone

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14
Q

TYPES OF OPIOID ANALGESICS

A

-codeine sulfate
- meperidine hydrochloride (demerol)
- methadone hydrochloride
- morphine sulfate
- propoxyphene hydrocloride (darvon)

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15
Q

why use opioid analgesics

A

relieve moderate to severe pain
- cough centre supression
- antidiarrheal
- part of balanced anesthesia

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16
Q

contraindications of opioid analgesics

A
  • known drug allergy
  • severe asthma or respiratory insufficiency
  • elevated intracranial pressure
  • pregnancy
17
Q

opioid analgesics: side effects

A

-urinary retention
- diaphoresis and flushing
- pupillary constriction (miosis)
- constipation
- itching (pruritis)
-euphoria
- cns depression
- N&V (nausea and vomiting)
- respiratory depression

18
Q

opioids: special concerns…define opioid tolerance

A

larger doses required to maintain analgesia-from chronic use

19
Q

opioids: special concerns…define opioid physical dependence

A

physical adaptation to the presence of an opioid

20
Q

opioids: special concerns…define opioid psychological dependence

A

compulsive use-craving and need- for effects other than pain relief
-addiction

21
Q

what is something that is expected with long term use of opioids

A

opioid tolerance and physical dependence

22
Q

signs if someone took an opioid vs someone who took a stimulant

A

opioid: pupils small
stimulant: pupils big

23
Q

opioid analgesics…nursing implications to be aware of

A

respiratory status…monitor for respiratory depression
- no one dies from drug withdrawal
- oral to iv form…decrease the dose bc no first pass effect

24
Q

When is morphine commonly used

A

works best on chest pain
- for severe chest pain…give them morphine from iv

25
Q

doses of codeine

A

15-60mg po/sc/IM/IV q4h – not to exceed 360mg/24hr

26
Q

in tylenol #1, dosage of acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine

A

300mg acetaminophen
15mg caffeine
8mg codeine

27
Q

in tylenol #2, dosage of acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine…used commonly with who

A

300mg of acetaminophen
15mg caffeine
15mg codeine
- elderly

28
Q

in tylenol #3, dosage of acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine and who gives this

A

300mg acetaminophen
15mg caffeine
30mg codeine
-dentists

29
Q

in tylenol #4, dosage of acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine

A

300mg acetaminophen
15mg caffeine
60mg codeine

30
Q

what makes makes things synergistic

A

used in conjunction with acetaminophen and caffiene

31
Q

when you OD on tylenol

A

your liver dies, you can’t be saved

32
Q

can you die of too much acetaminophen

A

yes

33
Q

what is the point of acetaminophen

A

relieve pain by inhibiting prostoglandin synthesis

34
Q

what are contraindications of acetaminophen

A

allergy, LIVER disease, genetic G6PD enzyme deficiency

35
Q

max dose for acetaminophen

A

Maximum 4000mg/24hr divided into q4-6hdoses
* Must be aware of acetaminophen content of other drugs

36
Q

antidote for acetaminophen

A

Antidote: acetycysteine (Mucomyst)

37
Q

what occurs after long term use of acetaminophen

A

nephropathy- deterioration of kidney function

patho-pharm (3 decks)

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