week 3 (chapter 3) Flashcards

1
Q

the time of day when the demand for load is the highest?

A

peak load

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2
Q

when an outage on a circuit causes outages on interconnected circuits because the interconnected circuits are not able to support the load from the original outage…….this is called?

A

cascading

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3
Q

when is cascading most likely to happen?

A

during peak load times (early morning & evenings)

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4
Q

what best explains why there is a need for a smarter power grid?

A

strain on the grid during peak load

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5
Q

smart grid systems must be of the ____ ___ design

A

loop feed

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6
Q

where does much of the renewable energy come from on distribution systems?

A

dispersed micro generation & distributed generation

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7
Q

where does much of the renewable energy come from on transmission systems?

A

wind & solar thermal

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8
Q

when power can flow both directions through circuits and equipment it is called?

A

bi-directional energy flow

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9
Q

when distributed generation is adequate enough to handle load of a portion of the system (without dependence on the main grid), it is called?

A

islanding

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10
Q

generators that increase operation only during peak load time are called?

A

peaker plants

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11
Q

what type of hydro electric generation involves an upper reservoir that during peak load times will flow into a penstock to feed a generator and boost system voltage?

A

Pumped storage (because the water is pumped back up during low demand, ready for next use)

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12
Q

how long can molten salt from a parabolic trough solar generation system remain liquefied?

A

5-7 days

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13
Q

how is energy released from storage batteries during peak load times?

A

in short bursts

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14
Q

what method of stored energy uses caverns, mineshafts, and empty gas reservoirs?

A

compressed air

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15
Q

ACCC (aluminum conductor composite core) is found on?

A

transmission systems

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16
Q

what conductor on a transmission line can carry much more current at higher temperatures than the same sized ACSR conductor?

A

ACCC

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17
Q

PMU’s are found where?

A

substations

18
Q

checks phase angle on voltage and current sine waves

A

phasor measurement units (PMU’s)

19
Q

triggers operation of capacitors and reactors via satelite to operate when there are disturbances on the phase angles

A

PMU’s

20
Q

philosophy that allows real time conditions surrounding conductors to be monitored

A

Dynamic line loading

21
Q

one advantage of dynamic line loading is ________ ______ and it allows operators to view?

A

thermal imaging/ conductor temp

22
Q

OPGW stands for?

A

optical ground wire

23
Q

where is OPGW found and what is it used for?

A

transmission/fiber optic data transfer and shield wire

24
Q

when larger portions of the circuit begin islanding it is called a?

A

micro grid

25
Q

smart grid discussion s tend to lean toward?

A

distribution

26
Q

what two objectives have to be met for smart switching equipment like cutouts, gang switches, and reclosers?

A

provide means for isolation and sectionalizing

change direction until the system returns to normal (bi directional )

27
Q

what kind of recloser can be operated by SCADA and can be set to either single phase or multi phase lock out?

A

smart

28
Q

what kind of recloser is operated via hydraulics?

A

legacy

29
Q

seen on single phase taps/can be retro fitted to a legacy cutout gate and indicates real time load?

A

smart cutout (tripsaver)

30
Q

what are the two types of capacitor banks?

A

fixed (legacy) and switched (smart)

31
Q

the intentional lowering of system voltage to help reduce demand on the system?

A

conservation voltage reduction

32
Q

why are distribution taps purposely lowered to the low end of the required service voltage range of 114-126?

A

to reduce system demand

33
Q

can be quickly installed on a conductor to provide data for troubleshooting and localized power quality disturbances

A

fault indicators & sensors

34
Q

home owner plays a more active role in power consumption

A

smart home

35
Q

when customers can monitor, manage, & control energy usage via home area display units or cell phones, this is called?

A

demand-side management

36
Q

smart meters and homes are subject to?

A

hacking

37
Q

relays price changes to the home area display unit, then talks to smart appliances?

A

smart meter

38
Q

can be plugged into appliances to see usage?

A

smart plug

39
Q

what is estimated to be the second biggest energy usage in the home?

A

lighting

40
Q

what is it called when lights are dimmed in place of using natural daylight?

A

daylight harvesting

41
Q

what voltage can power an electric vehicle?

A

120

42
Q

what type of vehicle cannot pull a horse trailer but will haul you and your fanny pack to starbucks for a 1000 calorie latte with just 120 volts of electricity?

A

all electric vehicle