Week 3 - Chapter 2 S. Butler

Question 1

In order to be considered a profession, an occupation must do what 3 things?

Answer 1

1. Establish a professional society or association
2. Develop standards for training programs and vehicle to enforce those
3. Create a code of ethics and standards for admitting and regulating practitioners

Question 2

How did psychological testing become commonplace in the US education, business, and personnel offices?

Answer 2

Because of the U.S Army ordering them

Question 3

When did the deinstitutionalization movement begin in earnest?

Answer 3

The 1960s

Question 4

Who coined the term counseling psychology?

Answer 4

The Veterans Administration; they created counseling psychology positions and training programs to fill positions at counseling centers in their hospitals

Question 5

Who directly challenged the directive, counselor-centered approach of Williamson and Freudian counselors?

Answer 5

Carl Rogers.

He proposed that counselors serve as nonjudgmental mirrors for their clients.

In the 40s and 50s

Question 6

What were three significant pieces of legislation related to career or employment services during the 1930s?

Answer 6

1. Wagner O’Day Act
2. George O’Dean Act
3. George Barden Act

Question 7

It wasn’t until 2006, when the BLANK act passed that master’s level professional counselor would meet the criteria to be hired by the VA.

Answer 7

The Veterans Benefits, Healthcare, and Information Technology Act

Question 8

Which decade had the biggest impact on counselors?

Answer 8

The 1950s

Question 9

What was the Mental Health Study Act and when was it passed?

Answer 9

1955 to study and make recommendations on mental health and mental illness in the US

Question 10

What was the first specialized accrediting body for graduate programs in counseling, establishing standards for master’s programs in rehabilitation counseling?

Answer 10

Council for Rehabilitation Education (CORE)

Question 11

When did the ACA first publish its Code of Ethics?

Answer 11

1961

Question 12

When did state regulations for the practice of professional counseling begin?

Answer 12

1970s

Question 13

What is licensure?

Answer 13

A credential that regulates the title, practice, or both of an occupation to protect the public by determining the training needed to practice that profession.

Question 14

What restriction led to the first licensure law for professional counselors?

Answer 14

During the 1970s, the APA began to establish state legislation that limited the requirement to have a doctoral degree to practice psychology

Question 15

After what ruling, did a state legislature pass the first general practice act for professional counselors?

Answer 15

Virginia State Board of Psychologist Examiners vs. John Weldon for practicing without a license

The first general practice act for professional counselors was in 1976.

Question 16

According to the ACA, licensure laws are granted or sanctioned by BLANK?

Answer 16

State governments

Question 17

What are the two types of licensure laws?

Answer 17

1. Practice Act: Requires practitioners, except for those who meet criteria to be exempt from the law, to be licensed to engage in the practice
2. Title acts that regulate the use of counseling=related titles (who can call themselves a professional counselor) but do not regulate the practice of counseling, meaning that someone could legally practice counseling without being licensed

Question 18

True or False: Licensure is not the only type of credential that bestows recognition of the education and skills required to be a professional counselor.

Answer 18

True.

Counselors are also certified by state entities to ensure they meet qualifications to hold specific jobs and must be certified to hold the positions.

Question 19

In addition to state certification, counselors are recognized by their professional peers through what?

Answer 19

Voluntary national certification (like CPAs for example)

Question 20

How did national board certification for counselors begin?

Answer 20

With the certification of professional counselors specializing in rehabilitation counseling.

Question 21

When was the Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards created?

Answer 21

In 1992

Question 22

Which law established over 2,000 community mental health centers across the country and increased employment opportunities for counselors?

Answer 22

The Community Mental Health Act of 1963

Question 23

During the 1980s and 1990s, there was an increased focus on what?

Answer 23

-Accreditation
-Recognition of counseling as a profession
-Credentialing counselors through state licensure and national certification
-Emphasis on human growth and development

Question 24

Before becoming a national division of ACA, most groups apply for organizational affiliation status, which requires a minimum of what?

Answer 24

200 ACA members and approval by the ACA Governing Counsel

Question 25

In 1983, the American Association for Counseling and development changed it’s name, which reflected shifts in the professional identity away from the terms BLANK and BLANK.

Answer 25

Guidance and personnel, all while keeping a focus on the developmental nature of counseling.

Question 26

In 1992, the association became the American Counseling Association (ACA) because of?

Answer 26

To reflect the common bond among association members and to reinforce their unity of purpose.

Question 27

What is the CSI?

Answer 27

Chi Sigma Iota; international honor society that promotes scholarship and professional excellence in counseling through its publication of the Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy which provides research and evidence-based recommendations in topics that promote scholarship, research, professionalism, leadership, advocacy, and excellence in counseling.

Question 28

When did the CACREP become an organization affiliation of ACA?

Answer 28

In 1981, to accredit master’s and doctoral programs in counseling.

Question 29

True or False: CACREP is a separate entity from the ACA with its own board of directors who decide on applications and accreditation.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The NBCC (National Board for Certified Counselors) offers which credential?

Answer 30

The National Certified Counselor (NCC)

This is for people with a master’s degree who passed a standardized exam, the National Counselor Exam.

Question 31

Which exams are the most frequently required by state licensing boards?

Answer 31

The NCE (National Counselor Exam) and the NCHMHC (National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam)

Question 32

When was counseling included as a primary mental health profession alongside psychology, social work, and psychiatry?

Answer 32

1992

Question 33

How often has the ACA Code of Ethics been revised?

Answer 33

Every 7 to 10 years

Question 34

The 2014 code of ethics revised the preamble to include which values and guiding principles?

Answer 34

1. Enhancing human development through the lifespan
2. Honoring the diversity and embracing a multicultural approach in support of worth, dignity, potential, and uniqueness of people within their social and cultural contexts
3. Promoting social justice
4. Safeguarding the integrity of the counselor-client relationship
5. Practicing in a competent and ethical manner

Question 35

Regardless of the area of specialization, all CACREP accredited master’s programs are expected to address the following in their curriculum?

Answer 35

-Professional orientation and ethical practice
-Social and cultural diversity
-Human growth and development
-Career development
-Counseling and helping relationships
-Group counseling and group work
-Assessment and testing
-Research and program evaluation

Question 36

True or False: CORE and CACREP merged in 2017

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or False: 88.5% of the 52 counselor credentialing laws in place (all 50 states), were practice acts.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True or False: Just over 85% of the state laws specifically include that licensed counselors could assess and diagnose mental health disorders.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or False: Currently, if counselors are licensed in one state, when they move they must apply to and be approved by the board in their state before they can become licensed.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is solastalgia?

Answer 40

Associated with witnessing and experiencing the pain caused by the loss and isolation of one’s home and environment, which can lead to adverse health effects, including mental anguish that can lead to mental health problems

Question 41

What is eco anxiety?

Answer 41

Severe and overwhelming worry about climate and environmental risks that can often result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and other psychosocial impacts.

Question 42

True or False: LPCs are not able to be reimbursed by medicare

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: The ACA Code of Ethics requires that counselors respect their clients’ and trainees’ diversity and avoid imposing their values on them.

Answer 43

True.

Question 44

What is conscience clause legislation?

Answer 44

Laws enacted by states that allow health and mental health providers and businesses to refuse to offer services based on the providers’ or business owners’ religious or moral beliefs.

Question 45

Who is considered the parent of the vocational guidance movement?

Answer 45

Frank Parsons, which is now commonly referred to as career counseling.

Question 46

When was the first iteration of the APA established?

Answer 46

1952, known then as the American Personnel and Guidance Association

Question 47

What is a major distinction between counseling and counseling psychology?

Answer 47

The requirement of a doctoral degree to practice independently as a psychologist compared to professional counselors who need a master’s degree.

Question 48

When did the foundation for national training standards begin?

Answer 48

The 1960s