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NURS ADN004 Maternity > Week 3 Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Week 3 Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some complications for Antepartum

A

Bleeding during Pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Gestational HTN
Gestational Diabetes
Blood Incompatibility
Amniotic Fluid Imbalances
Multiple Gestation
Premature Rupture of Membranes

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2
Q

Name Maternal Hemorrhagic disorders

A

SAB
TAB Ectopic
Molar pregnancy
Cervical Insufficiency

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3
Q

Bleeding during pregnancy can be what?

A

Placenta Previa
Membranous insertion of umbilical cord

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4
Q

Vomiting in pregnancy with weight loss, electrolyte, and dehydration

A

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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5
Q

This is diagnosed with two markers

BP over 140/90
Protein in urine

A

Gestational Diabetes

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6
Q

When is gestational diabetes usually diagnosed?

A

24-28 weeks

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7
Q

Mother and father different blood types

A

Blood incompatibility

Mother attacks newborn. Rhogam given at 28 weeks

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8
Q

Biggest killer in pregnant women is

A

Hemorrhage

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9
Q

Bag of water ruptures early prior to term

A

PROM

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10
Q

Higher risk of complications

A

Multiple Gestation

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11
Q

Name some 1st Trimester Disorders

A

Abortion Therapeutic
SAB
Ectopic Pregnancy
Abortion usually involves D&C

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12
Q

Loss of products of conception prior to viability

A

Abortion

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13
Q

Purposeful termination

A

Therapeutic Abortion

Usually involves D&C

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14
Q

SAB is _____________loss of pregnancy

A

Unintentional

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15
Q

Implantations in a site other than the uterus

May result in severe bleeding and requires surgery

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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16
Q

1st trimester commonly due to what?

A

Genetic Abnormalities

2nd Trimester more likely related to maternal disorders

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17
Q

Cervix is not dilated and placenta still attached to uterine wall

A

Threatened

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18
Q

Placenta has separated from uterine wall, cervix has dilated, and amount of bleeding has increased

A

Imminent

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19
Q

Embryo or fetus has passed out of the uterus but placenta remains

A

Incomplete

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20
Q

Threatened
Inevitable
Incomplete
Missed
Habitual

A

Types of Spontaneous Abortions

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21
Q

Continued monitoring

A

Vaginal bleeding, pad count, passage of products of conception, pain level, preparation for procedures, medications

Abortions

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22
Q

Important ti support in abortions

A

True

Physical and emotional. Stress woman is not cause of the loss. Verbalization of feelings, grief support, referral to community support group

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23
Q

Implantation of fertilized ovum in site other than the uterus.

Mortality declined almost 90%

Initially symptoms of pregnancy

Positive HcG present in blood and urine

Chronic villi grow into tube wall or implantations site

Rupture and bleeding into the abdominal cavity occurs.

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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24
Q

Ovum implantation outside of the uterus

Obstruction to or slowing passage of ovum through tube to uterus

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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25
Q

Therapeutic Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Medical:
Drug therapy- Methotrexate, Prostaglandins, misoprostol, and actinomycin.
Surgery if rupture.
Rh immunoglobin if woman is Rh- (Rhogam)

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26
Q

Nursing Assessment for Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Hallmark sign: abdominal pain with spotting 6-8 weeks after menses
Contributing factors

Lab/ Diagnostic testing: Transvaginal ultrasound, serum beta Hcg, additional testing to rule out other conditions

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27
Q

Most common site for ectopic pregnancy is

A

The fallopian tubes. Hence name tubal pregnancy.

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28
Q

Pathologic proliferation of trophoblastic cells

Includes hydatidiform mole

Invasive mole - Chorioadenoma destruens

Choriocarcinoma a form of cancer

Initially clinical picture similar to pregnancy

A

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Classic Signs
Uterine enlargement greater than gestational age
Vaginal Bleeding

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29
Q

Pregnancy is a vesicular swelling of placental villi and usually absence of an intact fetus

A

Hydatidiform Mole

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30
Q

Malignant, fast growing tumor that develops from trophoblastic cells- cells that help embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta

A

Choriocarcinoma

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31
Q

Therapeutic Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

A

Immediate evacuation of uterine contents D&C

Long term follow up and monitoring of serial hCG levels

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32
Q

Nursing Assessment of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

A

Clinicals manifestations similar to spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks

Ultrasound visualization
High HcG Levels

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33
Q

Nursing Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

A

Preoperative preparation
Emotional support
Education: Treatment, serial hCG monitoring, prophylactic chemotherapy

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34
Q

Classic signs present in about 50% of cases
May pass hydropic vesicles
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Higher serum hCG levels

Therapy is suction evacuation of the mole

  • Uterine curettage for removal of placental fragments
  • Hysterectomy for excessive bleeding
A

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

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35
Q

Common sign is vaginal bleeding, often brownish, but sometimes bright red. Sometime hydropic vessels are being passed.

A

Hydatidiform Mole

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36
Q

Possible causes include

Cervical trauma
Infection
Congenital cervical or uterine anomalies
Increased uterine volume(as with a multiple gestation)
Associated with repeated second trimester abortions

A

Incompetent Cervix

Diagnosis: Positive history of repeated second trimester abortions

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37
Q

Premature dilatation of cervix and unknown

Possibly due to cervical damage

Therapeutic management
Bed rest, pelvic rest, avoidance of heavy lifting
Cervical cerclage

A

Incompetent Cervix

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38
Q

Cerclage

A

Shirodkar procedure for incompetent cervix

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39
Q

Modification of it by McDonald
Reinforces the weakened cervix
Purse- string suture is placed in the cervix
Done in 1st trimester or early 2nd trimester
Cesarean birth may be planned
Suture may be cut at term and vaginal birth permitted

A

Incompetent Cervix Tx : Surgical Procedures

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40
Q

More difficult less common, as it passes through the walls of the cervix, usually permanent stitch, must have c/s

A

Shirodkar

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41
Q

Placed at 16-18 week, removed at 37 weeks for natural delivery most common and least invasive

A

McDonalds

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42
Q

Nursing Assessment for Incompetent Cervix

A

Risk Factors
Pink Tinged vaginal discharge or pelvic pressure
Cervical shortening via transvaginal ultrasound

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43
Q

Nursing management for incompetent cervix

A

Continue surveillance and close monitoring for preterm labor
Emotional support
Education

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44
Q

Inserted in the cervix to prevent preterm cervical dilatation and pregnancy loss. After placement the string is tightened and secured anteriorly.

A

Cerclage

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45
Q

Painless bleeding with relaxed uterus

Avoid vaginal exams

Occurs when the placenta implants near or over the cervical os- Vaginal exams prohibited

Painless bleeding in the 3rd trimester

A

Placenta Previa

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46
Q

Complications of Placenta Previa

A

Hemorrhage
Fetal Distress/Demise d/t intrauterine hypoxia
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Preterm Delivery or Premature rupture of membranes

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47
Q

Nursing Management client with Placenta Previa

A

Monitoring of maternal fetal status \
Vaginal bleeding and pad count
weight pads
Avoid vaginal exams
FHR

Support/ Education: Fetal movement counts, effects of prolonged bed rest; s/s to report
Preparation of possible cesarean birth

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48
Q

Name types pf Placenta Previa

A

Low Lying
Partial Placenta previa
Total placenta previa

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49
Q

Premature detachment of the Placenta

A

Abruptio Placenta

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50
Q

Vaginal bleeding, mild uterine tetany- neither mother or fetus in distress

A

Mild Abruptio Placenta

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51
Q

Uterine tenderness/ tetany with or without external bleeding ; mother not in shock but fetal distress may be present

A

Moderate Abruptio Placenta

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52
Q

Uterine tetany; maternal shock, fetus dead or severely compromised

A

Severe Abruptio Placenta

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53
Q

Nursing Assessment Abruptio Placenta

A

Risk Factors
Bleeding- Dark red
Pain- Knife like, uterine tenderness, contractions
Fetal movement and activity(decreased)
FHR

Lab/ Diagnostic Testing: CBC, fibrinogen levels, PT/ aPTT, type and cross-match, nonstress test, biophysical profile

Tetany contractions longer than 60 Seconds

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54
Q

Helps to reduce blood loss when nml(blood clot formation)

A

Fibrinogen

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55
Q

Name Precipitating factors for Placental Abruption

A

Blunt trauma to abdomen
Drug abuse; especially cocaine
PIH
PROM
Smoking
Multifetal Pregnancies

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56
Q

Nursing management for Placental Abruption

A

Tissue perfusion
-Left lateral position, strict bed rest, oxygen therapy, vital signs, fundal height, continuous fetal monitoring

Support/ Education: Empathy, understanding, explanations, possible loss of fetus, reduction of recurrence

Want baby out ASAP to help prevent MOM from bleeding out

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57
Q

What position improves circulation, giving nutrient- packed blood an easier route from your heart, to the placenta to nourish your baby

A

Left Lateral Position

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58
Q

Labor contractions with subsequent cervical changes prior to 36.6 weeks

A

Preterm Labor

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59
Q

PROM

A

Premature rupture of membranes prior to onset of labor

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60
Q

PPROM

A

Preterm premature rupture of membranes- rupture of membranes prior to 36.6 weeks

Without ucs

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61
Q

Name Preterm Labor Medications

A

Terbutaline
Indomethacin
Nifedipine
Magnesium Sulfate
Betamethasone

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62
Q

Labor suppression/ tocolytic
Beta Adrenergic agonist
2.5 or 0.25 mg SQ or IV

Side Effects
Tachycardia
Trembling
Faint feeling
CHF
Cardiac Arrhythmias

A

Terbutaline

Brethine

63
Q

NSAID
Prostaglandin inhibitor
50mg 48-72 hours
May cause nausea and vomiting, headache, fatigue, depression, tinnitus,

May cause failure of PDA to close

A

Indomethacin

64
Q

Labor suppression/ tocolytic

Calcium channel blocker
20 mg PO q3-6 to prevent contractures

Low BP, faintness, dizziness, constipation

A

Nifedipine

Procardia

65
Q

MGSO4

A

Labor Suppression
Myosin light chain inhibitor
4-6 gm loading dose, given IV over 30 min followed by 1-4 grams per hour

Side effects
flushing, fatigue, lethargy, resp. depression

66
Q

Corticosteroid
Used to enhance lecithin/ sphyngomyelin production

12 mg IM every 24 hours x2doses

A

Betamethasone

67
Q

Death of the intestines

A

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

68
Q

Born between 24-36 weeks

A

Appearance depends on gestational age

Complications include
RDS
MAS
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia
Nutritional problems, NEC
CNS trauma

69
Q

Chronic HTN

A

Dx prior to pregnancy

70
Q

Sudden spike in BP

A

Pre eclampsia

Eclampsia
is more severe and can include seizures and coma.

71
Q

Diagnosed when preeclampsia occurs in a patient with preexisting chronic HTN

A

Preeclampsia superimposed on Chronic HTN

Primary or secondary HTN that precedes pregnancy or is present on at least two occasions before the 20th week of gestation or persists longer than 12 weeks postpartum

72
Q

Condition happens when you only have high BP during pregnancy and do not have protein in your urine or other heart or kidney problems

A

Gestational HTN

73
Q

HTN that arises in 2nd or 3rd trimester

HTN is usually detected in the clinic but then settles with repeated BP readings such as those taken during the course of several hours in a days assessment.

A

Transient

74
Q

Present and observable before pregnancy

or HTN that is diagnosed before the 20th week of gestation

Persists beyond the 84th day postpartum

A

Chronic HTN

75
Q

84th day PP this is why pp tx and close monitoring is key

A

Chronic HTN

Pt will be readmitted and way from their baby

76
Q

HTN that is present and observable before pregnancy or htn that is diagnosed before the 20th week of gestation and persists beyond the 84th day pp

A

Chronic HTN

77
Q

Pregnancy specific systemic syndrome

Increase in blood pressure

Systolic: greater than 140
Diastolic greater than 90

Occurring twice, 4 hours apart after 20 weeks gestation accompanied by proteinuria

Excretion of greater than or equal to 300 mg protein/ 24 hours

A

Pre Eclampsia

78
Q

HTN and no proteinuria prior to 20 weeks gestation and new onset proteinuria - defined as the urinary excretion of 0.3 mg of protein in a 24 hour specimen)

HTN and proteinuria before 20 weeks gestation :
1. Sudden increase in protein - urinary excretion of 0.3 g protein or more in a 24 hour specimen, or two dipstick test results of 2+ with the values recorded at least 4 hours apart, with no evidence of UTI

  1. Sudden increase in BP after period of good control
  2. Thrombocytopenia lower than 100,000
  3. Increase in liver enzymes ALT or AST to abnormal levels
A

Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic HTN

79
Q

Temporary diagnosis that refers to blood pressure elevation occuring after mid pregnancy without proteinuria

A

Gestational HTN

80
Q

Used only after pregnancy, describe women who develop gestational HTN but have no preeclampsia and whose blood pressure returns to normal within 12 weeks pp

A

Transient HTN

81
Q

Gestational HTN Signs and Symptoms

A

Sudden Weight Gain
High BP
Edema

82
Q

Progression of Events of Preeclampsia

A

Vascular Sensitivity
HTN
Renal Ischemia
Proteinuria
Intravascular to Interstitial Fluid Shift
Edema
Hemoconcentration

83
Q

Diseased of pregnancy of unknown causes

Can occur antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum periods

Most often characterized by HTN, proteinuria, and edema, may also see

H/A, epigastric pain, seizure

A

Gestational Hypertension

84
Q

Vasoconstriction
HTN
edema
hypovolemia
hemoconcentration
decreased perfusion to vital organs

A

Pathology of Preeclampsia

85
Q

Increased sensitivity and response to vasopressors=

A

Vasoconstriction

86
Q

Increased peripheral resistance =

A

HTN

87
Q

Loss of fluid in to interstitial space

A

Edema

88
Q

Decreased fluid in intravascular space

A

Hypovolemia

89
Q

Reduced blood volume =

A

Decreased perfusion to vital organs

90
Q

Medications for Preeclampsia with severe features

A

Mag sulfate

Calcium gluconate

Labetalol

Apresoline

Aldomet

Nifedipine

91
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

1gram to 6 grams per hour via IV

Always on an infusion pump

Careful observation

92
Q

Reversal agent for magnesium sulfate

10% 10 ml iv push over 1-2 minutes

A

Calcium Gluconate

93
Q

Use caution for asthma, diabetes, liver or kidney complications 20 mg IV push

repeat 20-80 mg every 5 minutes until desired effect or total of 300 mg

A

Labetalol

94
Q

PO 100 mg intially
increased dose by 100 mg q12h every 2-3 days
Usual dose range 200-400 mg PO q12hr

not to exceed 2400 mg/ day

A

Labetalol PO

95
Q

5-10 mg IVP every 20 min until desired effect

A

Apresoline

96
Q

250 -500 mg PO TID up to 750mg-1000 mg

A

Aldomet

97
Q

10-30 mg PO daily

up to 30-90 mg daily

A

Nifedipine

98
Q

Careful monitoring required to prevent respiratory collapse

Should include hourly VS, O2 saturation, auscultation of lung sounds and DTRs, I/Os

Infusion should always be on a pump

Lab survelliance of Mag sulfate

Calcium gluconate and toxemia box and monitoring available

Discontinue infusion if pt exhibits s/s of resp. depression

Fall risk precautions

A

Care of GH Pt on Mag Sulfate

99
Q

Kaiser MgSO4

A

bag /100 ml - 4 g bolus and 2 gm per hour

Change bag every two hours, VS, resp. assess, DTR’s i/o

100
Q

Sutter 40 gm/1L

A

4-6 gm bolus, 2 gm hour change bag less often vs, resp. assess, I/O, DTRs

101
Q

Severe and life threatening complication related to pre-eclampsia

Occurs in 3rd trimester

Hemolysis- RBC breakdown
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

A

HELLP Syndrome

102
Q

Result of the arterio lar vasospasms in the CV system that occur in preeclampsia, circulating RBCs are destroyed as they try to navigate through the constricted vessels (Hemolysis)

Vasospasms decrease blood flow to the liver, resulting in tissue ischemia and hemorrhagic necrosis.

In response endothelial damage caused by vasospasms, platelets aggregate at the site and fibrin network is set up, leading to decrease in platelets

A

HELLP SYNDROME

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low platelet count

103
Q

HELLP tx is

A

Focused on decreasing BP and preventing seizures

104
Q

Only give rhogam if mother is

A

Negative

105
Q

Administered at mid pregnancy to prevent any development of anti -D antigen while fetus in utero.

A

Rhogam

106
Q

When should newborn be tested for RH factor?

A

After delivery

107
Q

If infant is positive

A

Rhogam should be administered to mom to prevent antibody formation and destroy any antibodies that may be formed in the mom and protects against future pregnancies. Infant should be observed for hyperbilirubinemia.

Should also be given for pt who have spontaneous or therapeutic abortion or injury to abdomen or placenta

108
Q

Glucose norms for fasting

A

70-80 mg/dl

109
Q

Pregnant glucose norm

A

65 mg/ dl
2hr PP= 660-110 mg/ dl

Pregnant < 140 mg/ dl

110
Q

Hormone that metabolizes glucose

A

insulin

111
Q

Hormone that stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

Glucagon

112
Q

Polysaccharide stored in animal cells

A

Glycogen

113
Q

Placental hormone which interferes with ability of insulin to transport glucose

A

HPL

Human Placental Lactogen

114
Q

Placental enzyme which accelerates insulin breakdown

A

insulinase

115
Q

What other hormones interfere with insulin effectiveness during pregnancy?

A

Cortisol, estrogen, and progesterone

116
Q

Low blood glucose

A

Hypoglycemia
Treat ASAP

117
Q

Acidosis accompanied by accumulation of ketones in the body, resulting in extensive breakdown of fats due to faulty carbohydrate metabolism

A

ketoacidosis

118
Q

Juvenile onset and beta cell destruction

A

Type 1

119
Q

Adult onset

Exhaustion of beta cells
Hyperinsulinemia
Impaired glucose tolerance

A

Type II

120
Q

Other type includes genetics, pancreatic disease, endocrinopathies, drug induced, infection, immune mediated and syndromes

A

Type III

121
Q

Glucose intolerance of pregnancy
Serum glucose alterations in pregnancy

Glycosuria
Facilitated transport of glucose from maternal to fetal system
1st trimester nausea and vomiting
Estrogen mediated storage of glucose as glycogen
HPL
Insulinase

A

Gestational Diabetes

122
Q

Maternal effects of gestational diabetes

A

PIH
HTN
Vascular damage
UTI
Dystocia and C section
Polyhydramnios
Emotional

123
Q

Infection or inflammation of the vagina caused by yeast like fungus

A

Monilial Vaginitis

Emotional- stressors, frequent visits, hospitalization, diabetic protocol and fetal damage

124
Q

Fetal effects of gestational diabetes

A

Risk of
fetal demise/ stillbirth
RDS- insulin decreases surfactant
Macrosomia or IUGR
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Risk for congenital anomalies especially cardiac and neuro

125
Q

Diabetes in pregnancy goal is to

A

Maintain euglycemic state and deliver viable fetus

126
Q

Pre Gestational diabetes management include

A

History
Physical exam
Prenatal Assessments
Lab Surveillance
- Urine glucose, ketones, and protein
- 24 urine total protein and creatinine
- Serum glucose- accu-checks
- HgbA1C

127
Q

Blood test used during pregnancy to check baby risk of birth defects and genetic disorders

such as Neural or Down syndrome

A

AFP Blood test

128
Q

Fetal Surveillance

A

Ultrasound
AFP
Urine estriol and serum estriol
Weekly NST from 34 weeks
Biophysical profile
Amniocentesis

129
Q

Hormone helps uterus grow and stay healthy. Prepares as their body for childbirth and breastfeeding.

A

Estriol

too high or low may indicate problem with baby or pregnancy

130
Q

Way to assess lung maturation?

A

L/S ratio

131
Q

12- 16 weeks for genetic analysis

A

Amniocentesis

132
Q

3rd trimester for lung maturity

A

L/S should be 3:1 or greater

Positive PG

133
Q

How many kcal in pregnancy per day

A

2000 -2200

Need 3 meals and 3 snacks

50 c
30 fats
20 protein

134
Q

Glucose monitoring in diabetes in pregnancy

A

Fasting and after meals - 2hr PP preferred

Fasting< 95; PP 120-140

May require frequent changes in insulin dosages

135
Q

Oral hypoglycemic are not used during pregnancy, why?

A

Potential teratogenic effects and can cause severe neonatal hypoglycemia.

Except for glyburide which does not cross placenta and can be used for GDM

136
Q

______________ found to be comparable to insulin in improving glucose control without evidence of adverse maternal and neonatal complications

A

Glyburide

Glynase/ Micronase

137
Q

Insulin Therapy

A

1st trimester same as prepregnancy

2nd and 3rd trimester dosages increase d/t HPL and insulinase - progressive insulin ineffectiveness.

Combination of NPH and regular insulin

May require hospitalization for insulin regulation

May use insulin pump if using prior to pregnancy

138
Q

Glucose levels of mom directly affect and reflect glucose levels of fetus

Glucose crosses the placenta-insulin does not

At 10 weeks, the fetus begins to produce own insulin

Increased estrogen and progesterone lead to increased insulin production

HPL and Insulinase decrease insulin effectiveness

A

Diabetes fact on Pregnancy

139
Q

Glucose testing initials glucose is

A

> 140 mg/ dl

140
Q

1 hour is

A

FBS and 1 hour postprandial

Ingest 50 ml glucola after FBS and test in 1 hr

Norms is fasting 80-120 mg/ dl

1hr PP <140 mg/ dl

141
Q

3 Hour GTT: FBS and 1,2, and 3 hr PP

A

Ingest 100 ml glucola after FBS and test X3

Norms- FBS- 80-120 mg/ dl
1hr- <190 mg/ dl
2hr- <165 mg/ dl
3hr- <145 mg/ dl

Test is abnormal if 2 out 3 results are abnormal

142
Q

Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Meconium
Nuchal Cord
Other cord problems
True Knot
Body or Limp Wrap

A

Amniotic Fluid Complications

143
Q

Low fluid volume

A

Oligohydramnios

Poly- High fluid volume

Meconium- fetal stool in amniotic fluid

Nuchal cord- cord around fetal neck

Other cord problems include- true knot, cord around limbs or body

144
Q

Acute and rapid collapse of mother and or fetus caused by allergic reaction to amniotic fluid entering the maternal circulatory

System initially, causes rapid resp. collapse, then hemorrhage and leading to DIC

A

AFE/ASP

145
Q

Tx for AFE/ ASP

A

Supportive

Massive transfusion therapy

Surgical removal of uterus may be needed to control bleeding

146
Q

______ is unpredictable and often fatal and unpreventable. Diagnosis comes post mortem.

A

AFE/ASP

147
Q

Amniotic fluid greater than 2000 ml

A

Hydramnios

148
Q

Therapeutic management of Hydramnios

A

Close monitoring
Removal of fluid
Indomethacin- decreases fluid by decreasing fetal urinary output

149
Q

Nursing Assessment of Hydramnios

A

Risk Factors
Fundal height
Abdominal discomfort
Difficulty palpating fetal parts or obtaining FHR

Nursing Management: Ongoing assessment and monitoring and assisting with therapeutic amniocentesis

150
Q

Amniotic fluid less than 500 ml

A

Oligohydramnios

Therapeutic management: serial monitoring, amnioinfusion, and birth for fetal compromise

Nursing assessment : continuous fetal surveillance, assistances with amniofusion, comfort measures, position changes

May be admitted for hydration therapy, impending delivery

151
Q

Symptoms usually resolve by week 20

Weight loss more than 5% of pre pregnancy body weight

Dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and hypokalemia

A

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe form of nausea and vomiting

Therapeutic management: Conservative

Hospitalization with parenteral therapy

152
Q

Nursing Assessment for Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

Onset, duration, diet, risk factors, weight, associated symptoms, perception of situation, liver enzymes, CBC, BUN, Electrolytes, Urine Specific gravity , ultrasound

153
Q

Nursing Management of HG

A

Comfort and nutrition
-NPO, IV fluids, hygiene, oral care, and I/O
Support and Education: reassurance

Women who experience this are miserable, often times will have PICC line places and have IV therapy at hoe of nausea meds and IVF

NURS ADN004 Maternity (11 decks)

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