Week 3 - Ch 7-9 Flashcards
___________ is defined as the reduction or removal of unwanted chemical or biological agents.
Decontamination
What technique combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes?
lyophilization.
__________ is the process of cleaning glassware or tableware
Sanitization
The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed, but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced is called _________.
Pasteurization
Autoclaving will usually destroy/inactivate all fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores but will not necessarily eliminate ________.
prions.
___________ is the destruction of vegetative organisms by chemical or physical methods.
Disinfection
____________are antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues.
Antiseptics
Agents that kill microbes are classified as ________
microbicidal.
Joseph Lister used carbolic acid or _________ as a disinfectant to denature proteins and disrupt the cell membrane of pathogens.
phenol
___________ has been used for hundreds of years to kill bacteria, endospores, fungi, and mold. It has various industrial and household uses.
Chlorine
____________ are chemicals, such as soap and detergent, that reduce the surface tension of solvents, making the solvent more effective at dissolving solute molecules.
Surfactants
_________ technique is a procedure performed under sterile conditions.
Aseptic
An inanimate object or substance capable of transporting pathogens from one medium or individual to another.
fomite
The destruction of all microorganisms and their endospores.
sterilization
The process by which the numbers of microbes in a limited area are reduced by scrubbing.
degermination
Introducing a small sample of a microorganism into a growth medium is _______ . The growth that appears is the culture.
Inoculation
___________ vary in nutrient content and consistency and can be classified according to their physical state, chemical composition, and functional type.
Media
___________ media contain complex organic substances, such as blood or chocolate, to grow specific microorganisms.
Enriched
What is the most common differential stain in microbiology?
Gram stain
What does it mean if bacteria appear red after gram staining?
Gram-negative.
What does it mean if bacteria appear blue after gram staining?
Gram-positive.
___________________ stain is for microorganisms like tuberculosis, nocardiosis, and cryptosporidiosis, that have mycolic acid in their cell walls that resists Gram stain.
Acid-fast
____________ is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor.
OSHA
What has been established by the NIH?
The four types of biosafety levels for containment of harmful agents.
