Week 3 - BGM, hypo/hyperglycaemic & insulin protocol, insulin pen admin Flashcards
What are the goals of diabetes management?
- promote well-being
- reduce symptoms
- prevent acute complications of hyper/hypoglycaemia
- delay onset/ progression of long-term complications
What are the normal adult blood glucose readings of glycemic levels for fasting blood glucose (FBG)?
7.0mmol/L for diabetes
How does someone prepare for a fasting blood glucose (FBG)?
no caloric intake for at least 8hrs
What are the normal adult blood glucose readings of glycemic levels for hemoglobin A1C?
6.5% diagnosis of type 2DM
Why is hemoglobin A1C measured?
to determine the average blood glucose levels over the previous three months
What are the normal adult random plasma glucose levels without regards to meals?
<11.1mmol/L
what are the normal adult blood glucose readings on a nova machine?
3.3-7.0mmol/L
What are signs/ symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
- blood glucose <4
- cool/ clammy skin
- rapid HR
- HA, faintness, dizziness
- nervousness
- tremors/ shaking
- hunger
- emotional changes
- numbness of fingers, toes, mouth
- unsteady gait
- slurred speech
- changes in vision
- seizures
- coma
What causes hypoglycaemia ?
- insulin or sulphonylurea OD in response to recent change in dose
- missed/ inadequate meal
- unexpected exercise
- error in timing of dose
what are the 3 common signs of hyperglycaemia?
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
What are signs/ symptoms of hyperglycaemia ?
- elevated BG (>11)
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- weakness/ fatigue
- blurred vision
- headache
- nausea/ vomiting
- abdominal cramps
- glycosuria
What are the causes of hyperglycaemia?
- adequate dose of insulin
- infection
- stress
- surgery
- medications (steroids)
- variations in nutritional intake
- individuals receiving enteral/ parenteral feeding
- critical illness
What are the goals of blood glucose monitoring?
- determine/ monitor BG levels of clients at risk for hyper/hypoglycemia
- promote BG regulation by client
- evaluate effectiveness of insulin/ oral hypoglycaemic medication
When should blood glucose monitoring be done?
(AC meal)
- within 30 mins before a meal
(PC meal)
- 2hrs after a meal
What are the nursing assessments in regards to blood glucose monitoring?
determine:
- frequency/ type of testing
- client’s understanding of procedure
- client’s response to previous testing
assess clients skin at puncture site
review clients record for medication that may be prolong bleeding
assess clients self-care abilities that may affect accuracy of results
What equipment is needed for blood glucose monitoring?
- BG meter
- reagent strips
- gauze/ Kleenex
- warming device prn
- Castile toilette
- clean gloves
- sterile lancet c injector
What deteriorates test strips?
- heat
- light
- moisture
describe quality (QC) solutions
- ensure proper function of BG monitor prior to use
- must do QC with low and high glucose solutions
What does NB mean in regards to glucose machines?
QC lockout if QC not performed q 24hrs
- meter will not download patient test until QC done
in regards to the QC solutions how long are they good for?
- 24 months from date of manufacture
- 90 days open
How much blood is needed for a BG level?
1.2uL size of a pinhead