Week 3 - Anaemia, Proteins, Spleen Flashcards
Describe location of manubriosternal joint
At T2, between manubrium and body of sternum
What vessels emerge from arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk (which bifurcates into right common carotid and right subclavion), left common carotid and left subclavion
Which two nerves cross the arch of the aorta?
Right and left vagus nerve
Describe the ligamentum arteriosum. What was its function during embryological development?
remnant of the ductus arteriosus - a short connector between the aorta and pulmonary vein sitting on the superior surface of the heart. During embryological development, it prevents blood from entering the lungs before they are needed
Subclavian artery - describe path
branches off the aorta on the left, brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Can be located in the posterior triangle of the neck, (angle formed by clavicle and SCM)
Emerges between the scalene muscles where it is divided by the anterior scalene muscle into three
Branches of the external carotid
S: superior thyroid artery A: ascending pharyngeal artery L: lingual artery F: facial artery O: occipital artery P: posterior auricular artery M: maxillary artery S: superficial temporal artery
Which important nerves are related to the axillary artery?
brachial plexus
When might the subclavian artery be injured?
Injury to first rib or clavicle
At what point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
Lateral margin of rib 1
What splits the axillary artery? And into how many parts?
Pectoralis minor, 3 parts
What are the branches of the axillary artery?
Highest (superior) thoracic Thoracoacromial Lateral thoracic Subscapular Posterior circumflex humeral Anterior circumflex humeral (HoTeL SPA)
Where does the brachial artery start and end?
it begins at the inferior border of the teres major tendon and it ends at the cubital fossa. At this point, it divides into the ulnar and radial arteries.
Common causes of breathlessness in a child
Most common are:
Activity
Anxiety
Asthma
Describe DNA structure and structure of the gene, including an understanding of mutations as variation genetic code
Double helix
Bases and pairs - Adenine, Thiamine, Guanine, Cytosine
Mutations - substitutions, deletions, insertions
Outline the process of transcription of genetic code & translation into protein products
Transcription - Process from DNA to mRNA.
Sense strand unwinds, RNA syntheses, release of pre-mRNA
Happens in nucleus
Translation - mRNA turned into protein in cytoplasm using tRNA and rRNA
Happens in cytoplasm
