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Biochem > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What componenet of the ETC is not required for oxidative phosphorylation? Why?

A

complex II

does not span the mitochondrial membrane

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2
Q

complex I

A

NADH Q oxidoreductase

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3
Q

substrate for complex I

A

NADH

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4
Q

inhibitor for complex I

A

rotenone

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5
Q

CoQ

A

quinone derivative

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6
Q

complex II

A

succinate-Q reductase

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7
Q

substrate for complex II

A

FADH2

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8
Q

complex III

A

Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

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9
Q

inhibitor of complex III

A

Antimycin A

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10
Q

complex IV

A

cytochrome c oxidase

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11
Q

inhibitor of complex IV

A

carbon monoxide

cyanide

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12
Q

complex V

A

ATP synthase

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13
Q

inhibitor of complex V

A

oligomycin

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14
Q

order of ETC enzymes

A 
complex I
CoQ
Complex II
cytochrome C
complex IV
complex V
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15
Q

inhibitors of ETC enzymes work by

A

blocking oxidation and reducing both ATP generation and oxygen consumption

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16
Q

uncouplers

A

disrupt the mitochondrial membrane and reduce ATP product but increase oxygen consumption

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17
Q

ETC is location

A

in the mitochondrial membrane

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18
Q

NADH and FADH2 are transported actively or passively into the mitochrondira

A

actively

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19
Q

glycerophosphate shuttle

A

moves reducing equivalents of NADH from cytosol to an FAD in the mitochondrion

cytosolic dihydroxyacteton phosphate is reduced to glycerol-3-phosphate which then moves into the mitochondria and transers the electron to FAD

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20
Q

maltate-aspartate shuttle

A

moves maltate into the mitochrondria to be oxidized to oxaloacetate and NADH

moves aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarte out f the mitrochondria to the cytosol

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21
Q

maltate is a reduced form of

A

oxaloacetate

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22
Q

the outer-membrane of mitochondria is impermeable to…

A

NADH and FADH2

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23
Q

the electron transport enzymes and ATP synthase located in what membrane of the mitochondria

A

intermembrane

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24
Q

enzymes for TCA, beta oxidation, and pyruvate dyhydrogenase are where in the mitochondria

A

mitochondria matrix

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25
Q

NAD+ is oxidized or reduced

A

the oxidized form

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26
Q

NADH is oxidize or reduced

A

the reduced form

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27
Q

final electron accept of ETC is

A

oxygen

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28
Q

ETC complexes are where in the mitochondria

A

on the innter-mitochondrial membrane

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29
Q

which ETC complex does not span the mitochondrial membrane - what does this mean

A

complex II - it does not pump protons

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30
Q

which complex is part of both ETC and TCA?

A

complex II aka succinate dehydrogenase

31
Q

what are the mobile parts of the ETC

A

Q/ubiquinone

cytochrome C

32
Q

the flow of electrons comes into ETC as

A

NADH

33
Q

enzyme of inner mitochondrial membrane

A
  • electron carriers - complexes 1-iv
  • ATP synthase
  • membrane transporters
34
Q

enzymes of the mitochondrial matrix

A
  • citric acid cycle enzymes
  • beta oxidation enzymes
  • pyruvate dehydrogenase
35
Q

out mitochondrial membrane enzymes

A
  • acyl coa synthetase

- glycerolphosphate acyl transferase

36
Q

electrons flow through complex 1 through

A

electrons from NADH are transferred through a flavin mononucleotide and then through an iron sulfur center containing complex

37
Q

electrons flow through complex II through

A

electrons from FADH are transferred to FAD through an iron sulfur complex and then again to ubiquinone which will transfer electrons to both cytochrome B and C in the Q cycle

38
Q

electrons flow through complex IV through

A

cytochrome C will donate 4 electrons to heme complex within complex IV and these electrons will ultimately be passed on to molecular oxygen to be reduced to water

39
Q

quinol

A

fully reduced form of Q

carries 2 protons and 2 electrons

40
Q

quinone

A

fully oxidized

lost both electrons and both protons

41
Q

semiquinone

A

free radical formed transiently

42
Q

Q can donate electrons to

A

both cytochrome B and C

43
Q

semiquionone Is formed because

A

cytochromes can only accept one electron at a time so the radical is transiently formed when quinol loses one electrons to a cytochrome

44
Q

the donation of electrons to cytochromes is coupled with

A

the movementof protons across the inner-mitochondrial membrane through complex V or ATP synthase which uses the gradient to produce ATP

45
Q

the ETC sets up an electrochemical gradient by

A

passing electrons from complex to complex which is coupled with the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane

46
Q

describe the electrochemical gradient created by the ETC

A

positive charge in the inner membrane space and negative charge in the mitochondrial matrix

47
Q

primary sites of ETC impacted by inhibitors and uncouplers

A
  • consumption of NADH
  • consumption of oxygen
  • production of ATP
48
Q

roenone inhibits

A

the transfer of electrons from complex 1

49
Q

cyanide and carbon monoxide inhibit

A

complex 4

50
Q

oligomycin inhibits

A

complex 5

51
Q

what complex is not required for oxidative phosphorylation

A

complex II

52
Q

name for complex I

A

NADH Q oxidoreductase

53
Q

substrate for complex I

A

NADH

54
Q

inhibitor of complex I

A

rotenone

55
Q

name for CoQ

A

quinone derivative

56
Q

name for complex II

A

succinate-Q reductase

57
Q

substrate for complex II

A

FADH2

58
Q

name for complex III

A

Q-cytochrome C oxidoreductase

59
Q

inhibitor of complex III

A

antimycin A

60
Q

name for complex IV

A

cytochrome c oxidase

61
Q

inhibitor of complex IV

A

carbon monoxide

cyanide

62
Q

name for complex V

A

ATP synthase

63
Q

inhibitor of complex V

A

oligomycin

64
Q

moves reducing equivalents of NADH form the cytosol to an FAD in the mitochondrion

A

glycerophosphate shuttle

65
Q

describe glycerophosphate shuttle

A

cytosolic dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reduced to glycerol 3-phosphate which moves into the mitochondria and transfers theelectron to FAD

66
Q

maltate-aspartate shuttle

A
  • moves maltate into the mitochondria where it is oxidized to oxaloacetate and NADH
  • moves aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate out of the mitochondria into the cytosol
67
Q

ATP is a high energy molecule that is often hydrolyzed during reactions. The energy within ATP is stored primarily in…

A

high energy phosphate bonds

68
Q

what is the correct and complete electron transfer pathway necessary for oxidative phosphorylation

A 
NADH 
complex I
CoQ
complex III
cyt c
complex IV
69
Q

What component of the ETC passes electrons to oxygen causing it to be reduced to water?

A

cytochrome c oxidase which is complex IV

70
Q

The malate-aspartate shuttle is used to move reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria where it can be oxidized. Which compound is used to move the reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria?

A

maltate

71
Q

Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler of the electron transport chain. The addition of dinitrophenol will have what impacts?

A

increased oxygen consumption

72
Q

As electrons flow through complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. What is most reflective of the pH in the intermembrane space?

A

the pH is higher in the matrix when compared to the intermembrane space

73
Q

A 19-year-old male is being evaluated for muscle weakness. Evaluation of a muscle biopsy revealed normal rates of succinate oxidation but very low rates of pyruvate oxidation. Further testing determined normal levels of enzymatic activity in both malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Based on this data, the patient may have a mutation in a gene encoding for which mitochondrial protein?

A

complex I

Biochem (8 decks)

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