week 3 Flashcards
first rank symptoms of schizophrenia
thought insertion, withdrawal or broadcasting third person auditory hallucinations running commentary passivity of thought, feelings or action delusional perception
negative features of schizophrenia
blunted affect avolition social withdrawal poverty of speech self neglect
limits for hazardous drinking
above recommended limits
what is harmful drinking?
> 50 units
what is more severe than harmful drinking?
dependency drinking
what are features of someone who is dependent on alcohol
compelled to drink drinking to stave off withdrawal drinking most of the time increased tolerance to alcohol unable to quit
what are symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
the shakes agitation nausea, vomiting sweating craving \+/- hallucinations worse in the morning
what are the symptoms of deliriums tremens
delirium visual hallucinations delusions fear and agitation coarse tremor seizures autonomic symptoms insomina dehydration/electrolyte imbalance
symptoms of wenicke’s encephalopathy
delirium
ataxia, nystagmus
can progress to korsakoffs
what is korsakoffs syndrome
chronic alcohol induced encephalopathy
cognitive deficits
amnesia
confabulation
what causes wernicke’s encephalopathy
thiamine deficiency
what are 3 alcohol screening tools that can be used
CAGE
FAST
AUDIT
what is a severe score in AUDIT score
> 20
what is the FRAMES approach to harmful alcohol use
Feedback Responsibility Advise Menu of options Empathy Self-efficacy
how to manage alcohol dependence
depending on severity
home treatment or inpatient
zero to high dose chlordiazepoxide
and thiamine
2 drugs that can be given to maintain abstinence to alcohol
disulfiram
acamprosate
what does disulfiram do
gives unpleasant effects when alcohol if drunk
what does acamprosate do
reduces cravings
4 key features of alzheimer’s disease
amnesia
aphasia
agnosia
apraxia
e.g of neuropsychological testing for dementia?
AMTS, GPCOG, 6CIT
or MMSE, MOCA, ACE-III
what functions are affected in a parietal lobe damage?
recognition of things
speech function
reading/writing
visual field defect
what functions are affected in a frontal lobe damage?
recalling words in particular category
understanding abstract linkage/proverbs
following instructions in a task
what functions are affected in a temporal lobe damage?
speech language visual recognition semantic memory memory
how to differentiate parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with lewy body?
DLB will feature dementia symptoms first, before parkinsonism symptoms
what are the symptoms in the diagnosis of DLB
dementia + 1 of the following
fluctuation in attention and concentration
visual hallucination
parkinsonism
common onset age of frontotemporal lobe dementia?
50s
which dementia will having a personal history of MND predispose you to?
frontotemporal dementia AJA Pick’s disease
what is the cause for these symptoms
gait abnormality
eye movement abnormalities e.g. difficulty vertical gaze, looking downwards
cognitive impairment
parkinsonism unresponsive to L-dopa
progressive supranuclear palsy
what are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus
ataxia
urinary incontinence
memory deficit
what infective causes can give dementia/neuropsychological symptoms
HIV
syphilis
vCJD
what assessment method can be used for diagnosing delirium
CAM - confusion assessment method
what domains are testing in CAM
A) acute onset and/or fluctuating course
B) inattention/easily distracted
C) disorganised thinking
D) altered level of consciousness
according to CAM what features are required for the diagnosis of delirium?
A) acute onset + fluctuation
B) inattention/easily distracted
+ either C Or D
C) disorganised thinking
D) altered level of consciousness
what is pseudodementia
depression with reversible cognitive impairment - can look like dementia
what are the 3 monoamines in the monomine theory of depression
serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline
commonest age of onset of bipolar disorder
18-25 years old
definition of delusion
beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary that are out of context with individual’s religious, cultural and educational background
how is delusional disorder diagnosed?
diagnosis of exclusion. no other symptoms other than delusions.
7 negative symptoms of schziphrenia
appearance activity (lack of) affect awareness avolition "aspeech" - alogia cognitive impairment
protective features in schizophrenia onset
female older age of onset rapid onset and rapid recovery response to medication good premorbid function no cognitive impairment
