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1001PSY Mid-sem > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the phylogenetic evidence/argument?

A

There is a positive relationship between how complex the brain is and the level of cognitive abilities of the species.

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2
Q

Explain genetic/developmental evidence

A

the development of cognitive abilities follow the physical development of the brain

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3
Q

Explain clinical evidence

A

Physical damage to the brain can detrimentally affect a persons cognitive abilities and behaviour.

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4
Q

Explain experimental evidence

A

experiments have shown that stimulating parts of the brain can cause motor movements and perceptual experiences and inhibiting parts of the brain can affect movement, cognitive abilities and emotion.

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5
Q

Explain the evidence of brain recordings

A

there is a correlation between mental activity and brain recordings

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6
Q

Explain experiential evidence

A

drugs and other external factors can affect our behaviour

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7
Q

A heritability coefficient of 0 means what?

A

Heredity does not play a role.

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8
Q

What is the function of glia cells?

A

They guide neurons to appropriate locations in the brain during development
Provide support, protection and nourishment for neurons
Act as insulators to prevent “cross talk”

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9
Q

What is neuron’s main function?

A

receive, integrate and transmit information

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10
Q

What structure of a neuron receives information from terminal buttons of other neurons?

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

What is the axon’s main function?

A

conveys action potential from soma to terminal buttons

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12
Q

How do terminal buttons transmit information to other neurons?

A

via neurotransmitters being sent across the synapse

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13
Q

what is the relative refractory period?

A

a period after the absolute refractory period where firing potential is elevated.

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14
Q

how are neurotransmitters synthesised?

A

from precursor molecules by enzymes.

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15
Q

Parkinson’s disease is caused by an insufficient supply of what?

a. L-DOPA
b. Serotonin
c. Dopamine

A

c. dopamine

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16
Q

What are the 3 ways to stop postsynaptic activation of receptor sites?

A

neurotransmitter molecule can be broken down by a deactivating enzyme
Neurotransmitter can drift away from receptor site
Re-uptake of neurotransmitter (re-absorbed by presynaptic membrane)

17
Q

What does a neuromodulator do?

A

It can increase or decrease the IMPACT of neuortransmitters

18
Q

What are the small molecule neurotransmitters?

A

Amino acid neurotransmitter
Monoamine neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine

19
Q

What is the large molecule neurotransmitter?

A

Neuropeptides (endorphins)

20
Q

What is the role of Glutamate?

A

It has an excitatory effect on neurons throughout the brain and is important for learning

21
Q

What is the role of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

inhibitory effect on neurons in the brain

valium and alcohol bind with GABA receptors and this reduces anxiety

22
Q

What is the role of Monoamine Dopamine neurotransmitters?

A

Plays a role in thoughts, feelings, motivation, behaviour and drug addiction.
It is also involved in movement, attention and decision making

23
Q

Overly high levels of what, lead to Schizophrenia?

a. Serotonin
b. Dopamine
c. GABA

A

b. Dopamine

24
Q

Degeneration of dopamine pathways in substantia nigra is linked with what disease?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

25
Q

What is the role of Monoamine Serotonin neurotransmitter?

A

It is involved in sleep, mood, eating, arousal and pain.

It also plays a role in inhibiting aggression and anti-social behaviour.

26
Q

What small molecule neurotransmitter is in a class of it’s own, activates motor neurons of skeletal muscles and is involved in arousal, learning and memory?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

27
Q

Alzheimer’s patients show depleted levels of what neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

28
Q

Which neurotransmitter will activate areas of the brain that regulate pain suppression and pleasure?

A

Endorphins

29
Q

Why do opium and narcotics drugs alleviate pain?

A

because the stimulate endorphin receptors in the brain

30
Q

Which drug binds with receptors for ACh and blocks transmission between neurons and muscles causing paralysis?

a. Curare
b. Cocaine
c. Benzodiazepines

A

a. Curare

31
Q

What neurotransmitters does cocaine block the re-uptake of, causing continued activation of their receptors?

A

dopamine and norepinephrine

32
Q

What are cocaine’s effects?

A

euphoria, loss of appetite, insomnia and addiction.

33
Q

This drug binds with GABA receptors and help to increase the inhibitory effect of GABA. It reduces anxiety and induces sleep.

A

Benzodiazepines

34
Q

This drug acts as precursor to dopamine and increases the production of dopamine in dopaminergic neurons. It is also used to treat Parkinson’s disease.

A

L-DOPA

1001PSY Mid-sem (2 decks)

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