Week 3 Flashcards
Difference between intrinsic & extrinsic?
intrinsic = belonging naturally; essential
extrinsic: for the good of someone else.
What are the cognitive and emotional/motivational components of goals?
Cognitive - mental representations of desired future states
Emotional/motivational component - Positive & negative feelings about achieving or not achieving goal
Benefits of goal pursuit?
Provide meaning, direction, structure & purpose
Boosts self-esteem & competence
Facilitates social interaction
Prevents apathy, boredom, languishing
Commitment to goals during crisis enhances coping capacity
Characteristics of intrinsic goals?
personally involving meaningful more satisfaction more pleasure more likely to persevere, invest & succeed
They reflect important psychological needs such as:
autonomy: feeling in control of our lives
competence: effectively doing things
relatedness: satisfaction with relationships
contribution: making a difference
self-esteem: need to have +ve self-image
What are some characteristics of extrinsic goals?
reflective of social acceptance,
external reward or to avoid punishment
not always a “bad” thing: may pursue extrinsic goals (money) to obtain resource/opportunity for intrinsic goal (travel)
Some extrinsic reward helpful to persist at important but difficult goals
Less likely to be satisfying on attainment
What does authenticity and congruence mean in regards to goals?
Authenticity - freely chosen & self-determined vs social/family values
Congruence with personality - increases sense of reward and pleasure. Requires self-awareness, e.g. if extraverted goal pursuit more pleasurable if it involves others
What does self-concordance refer to?
Self-concordant goals are goals that are aligned with who we are, our authentic self, and with what we really want to do in our lives
What are the five factors in the self-concordance model?
1 - goal self-concordance 2 - Sustained Effort 3 - Goal Attainment 4 - Need satisfying experiences 5 - changes in well-being
What is goal orientation? What are the two types of goal orientations?
Approach - Strive to achieve pleasurable goals
Avoidance - Strive to avoid aversive or undesirable outcome
Example and benefit of approach goal orientation?
E.g. I will eat 3 healthy meals per day vs. I will eat less junk food.
More likely to be attained
related to positive emotion & productive action
Examples of avoidant goal orientations?
E.g. will eat less junk food.
related to decreased happiness & health, increased anxiety, distress (compared to approach)
poorer performance
promotes negatively biased perspective & sensitivity to threat/failure
people with avoidant social goals feel more anxious, rejected & lonely
What is a Self presentation driven goal?
desire to make a favorable impression on others
What is a Independence driven goal?
desire for autonomy & self-assertion
What is a Self-defeating driven goal?
reflect lack of growth, or even harm to self
What is a Emotionality driven goal?
focus on feelings & emotion regulation
