week 3 Flashcards
give me three examples of innate immune response?
patter recognition receptor, cellular ( phagocytes, NK cells) physical and chemical barriers/ mechanism
give me 2 examples of adaptive immune response?
humoral and cellular
what is pattern recognition receptor? give examples?
Inclusive term for antigen recognition receptor in innate system
Each immune cell carries identical receptor of a given type
Examples are
Toll-like receptors (TLR’s), NOD-like receptoes (NLR’s), RigI-like receptors (RLR’s) C-type lectins (CLR’s), scavenger receptors
what do cytokines do?
they are chemicals that tell the immune system what to do
what are the two groups of pattern recognition receptors?
Cell surface (transmembrane) and intracellular receptors – TLRs, NLRs, RLR’s and CLR’s Fluid-phase soluble molecules
What is the first cytokine you produe in response of infection?
IL-1 –> fever like symptomes but allows the rest of the immune system to engage
What are the two fluid phase recognition molecules?
Mannan-binding Lectin
Surfactant Protein A & D
What is the process and function of fluid phase recognition
Recognition of microbial complex carbohydrates
Bind via Carbohydrate-Recognition Domains (CRDs) –> sugars or combination of sugars and protein on the surface of the bacteria
Role in neutralisation of pathogen
Role in recruitment of adaptive response
how is the classical pathway activated?
antigen antibody interaction
how is the MB-lectin pathway activated?
the mannose binding lectin binds to the lectin on the surface of the pathogen
how is the alternative pathway activated?
on the pathogen surface
what do TNF and IL-6 instruct?
they tell what the immune system should do such as T cells
what do macrophages do?
bind and kill bacteria –> APC –> produce and bind to inflammatory cytokines
what are the role of Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs)?
Produce large amounts of interferon- (IFN-) which has antitumor and antiviral activity, and are found in T cell zones of lymphoid organs; they circulate in blood.
what is the role of Myeloid dendritic cells?
produce IL-12 and IL-10 and are located in T cell zones of lymphoid organs, circulate the blood and present in the interstices of the lung, heart, and kidney.
what do eosinophils do?
kills invading parasites
what do Neutrophils do?
Phagocytose and kill bacteria, produce antimicrobial peptides
what do Mast cells and basophils?
Release TNF-, IL-6, IFN- in response to a variety of bacterial PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular pattern)
what is the contribution of epithelial cells to the immune system
produce antimicrobial peptides–> tissue specific epithelial produce mediators of the local innate immunity
what is clonal expansion?
the Proliferation of chromosomes in response to a infection –> the one with the corrrect receptor will carry on ploriferating
what are the name of the two regions of the receptor on B and T cells
FC region that is variable region and FAB region –> constat region
give example of Antigen presenting cells
macrophages, B cells and dendrites
what cells are MHC class 1 found on? What are the 3 HLA’s found on class 1
Found on all cells
Classes –> HLA-A , HLA-B, HLA-C
what cells are MHC class 2 found on?
What are the 3 HLA’s found on class 2
On antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells.
Classes–> HLA-DP, HLA,DQ and HLA-DR