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Mental Health Exam > Week 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Week 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define mood

A

Subjective feeling that a person experiences.

It is on a continuum (constantly changes)

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2
Q

Define disinhibition

A

Inability to withhold an inappropriate or unwanted behaviour e.g spending copious amounts of money

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3
Q

Define seclusion

A

The individual is placed in a small room without any restraints e.g person is under assessment order

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4
Q

Define bipolar as a mood disorder

A

It is a mental health condition that causes severe disturbances of mood

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5
Q

Identify and explain the two types of bipolar

A
  1. Bipolar I: characterised by episodes of severe mania and severe depression
  2. Bipolar II: characterised by episodes of hypomania (not requiring hospitalisation) and severe depression
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6
Q

What are the key features of bipolar?

A
  1. Mania: persistent elevated, expansive, irritable mood coupled with a lack of need for sleep and engagement of goal directed activity (must last at least 1 week)
  2. Hypomania: a period of mania characterised by mood elevation and similar to mania, yet lacks the need for hospitalisation and presence of psychotic features.
  3. Mixed episodes: the person experiences symptoms of mania and depression at the same time (e.g agitation, restlessness, and decreased need for sleep, which is typically seen in mania, coupled with depressed mood
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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of mania?

A

-increased energy/hypervigilance/feeling weird
-racing thoughts and flight of ideas
-more talkative than usual (pressured speech)
-inflated confidence/self esteem
-distractibility
-decreased need for sleep
-engaging in risky behaviours
-increase in goal directed behaviour
feelings of euphoria or extreme irritation
-impaired judgement and decision-making ability
-impulsivity
-disinhibition +/- symptoms of psychosis

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8
Q

What are the treatment options available for BPAD

A

-Pharmacological treatments
-Mood stabilisers (e.g sodium valproate, lithium, lamotrigine and carbamazepine)
-Antipsychotics
-Antidepressants (risk of triggering a manic episode)
-Nonpharmacological treatments (e.g CBT, ACT, behavioural strategies, mindfulness cognitive therapy)

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder?

A

-depressed mood most of the day
-diminished interest in pleasure in all or almost all activities
-significant weight loss or weight gain
-insomnia or hyper insomnia nearly every day
-psychomotor agitation or retardation
-fatigue/loss of energy
-feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
-recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation

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10
Q

What are the treatment options for clinical depression?

A
  1. Pharmacological treatments:
    Antidepressants:
    -selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
    -tricyclic
    -serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
    -monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  2. Non-pharmacological treatments:
    -CBT
    -ACT
    -behavioural strategies
    -mindfulness based cognitive therapy
  3. Physical treatments
    -electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
    -transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
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11
Q

What are the physical signs/effects of anxiety

A

-increased respiratory rate (shallow)
-increased heart rate
-increased blood pressure
-sweating (diaphoresis)
-dry mouth
-trembling/shaking
-tensions/stress
-headaches
-dizziness
-hyperventilation
-nausea

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12
Q

What are the psychological/cognitive signs/effects of anxiety?

A

-negative thoughts
-overthinking
-cataphrophise
-irrational thoughts
-lack of concentration
-low mood
-irritability
-worry/apprehension
-stressed

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13
Q

What are the behavioural signs/effects of anxiety

A

-agitation
-restlessness
-disassociation
-shutting down
-procrastination (avoidance behaviour)
-isolation or withdrawal

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14
Q

What are the causes of anxiety disorders?

A

-overprotective parenting styles
-physical health issues (chronic illness)
-substance abuse (addiction)
-life circumstances e.g grief, pressure of ongoing stressors

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14
Q

Explain the specific anxiety disorder of panic disorder

A

Involves panic attacks; intense and sudden overwhelming anxiety, chest pain, hyperventilation
-shortness of breath
-person develops anxiety around thoughts regarding having another panic attack
-person may develop agoraphobia (not wanting to leave the house)

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14
Q

What are the treatment options for anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Pharmacological treatment:
    long term treatment; antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine) and beta blockers (propranolol and atenolol)
    short term treatment; benzodiazepines such as diazepam
  2. Non-pharmacological treatment:
    -graded exposure: aims to help a person break the pattern of avoidance to feared objects or situations
    -CBT
    -ACT
14
Q

Explain the specific anxiety disorder of phobias

A

Persistent excessive fear towards a particular trigger or stimulus
-“Irrational fear”
-when the stimulus is not around/present they will not experience anxiety, however if they think about this then this could trigger anxiety

15
Q

Explain the specific anxiety disorder of generalised anxiety disorder

A

Persistent and intense anxiety/worry all day most of the day, impacting the person’s daily functioning
-symptoms last 6 month in order for as diagnosis

16
Q

Explain the specific anxiety disorder of social anxiety

A

Experienced discomfort in certain social situations
-the person could come across as rude or demonstrate avoidant behaviour
-perceived threat causing a person to avoid a certain social interaction/situation

17
Q

Explain the specific anxiety disorder of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Obsessions and compulsions that interfere with daily activities
Obsessions: unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts
Compulsions: urges to do certain rituals or actions/behaviour

18
Q

What is the role of the nurse in caring for someone with a specific anxiety disorder?

A

-supportive interventions, therapeutic communication and education
-based on principle of promoting a sense of emotional and physical safety
-administration of PRN medication, promote the use of deep breathing/relaxation techniques
-decreasing the amount of stimulation, sitting with the consumer
-strengths based approach

18
Q

Outline the steps involved in the management of panic attacks

A
  1. Outline the steps that you could consider in managing a panic attack
    -get the client to control their breathing
    -being calm with the client
    -removing the stimulus (sensory modulation)
  2. Outline the management of GAD and the role of the nurse on the ward
    -implementation of pt. care plans
    -asking the pt. preference of their own treatment
    -education regarding empowerment (strength based approach) and medication options
  3. Psychotherapeutic approaches in managing anxiety disorders
    -CBT
    -Exposure therapies
    -relaxation methods
  4. Develop three goals of psychoeducation for a consumer with GAD
    -provide strategies a pt. can use when feeling anxious
    -increase their understanding of pt. anxiety (origin of anxiety)
    -to promote relapse promotion
19
Q

What are the early warning signs of aggression?

A

-agitation
-restlessness
-pt. raising voice
-changes in behaviour
-avoidant eye contact
-minimal conversation
-demanding
-aggressive body language
-impatient behaviours

20
Q

What are early intervention strategies to minimise the likelihood of aggression

A
  1. Aware of triggers for aggression
  2. Validating the pt. feelings
  3. Avoid negative talk
  4. Identify pt. goals of care
  5. Active listening
21
Q

What are the verbal and non verbal skills and body language used when de-escalating care

A

Verbal:
-appropriate tone of voice (calm)
-reassurance and validation
-appropriate language used
-reflecting back to the pt.
-being direct in a gentle manner
Non-verbal:
-appropriate body language
-appropriate eye contact
-get on the pt. level (e.g if their sitting then you sit)

Mental Health Exam (5 decks)

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