Week 3 Flashcards
Sensory Neurons
Transmit information from sensory cells in body called receptors to the brain.
Interneurons
Nerve cells that connect other neutrons with one another
Motor NEurons
transmit commands from interneurons to the glands and muscles of the body, most often through the spinal cord.
Soma
Life Support, contains nucleus
Dendrites
Receives the messages/ picks up signal
Axon
The talker, transmits messages. is long
Myelin Sheath
Protects the axon and speeds up transmission of messages
Synapses
Contact points between neurons
Synaptic gap
between synapses and axon
Neurotransmitters
messages to neuron
Endorphines
Natural opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and pain
Exciatory neurotransmittors
rev up the neuron
Norepinephrine
alertness and arousal (excitatory)
Glutamate
Memory (excitatory)
Inhibitory neurotransmittors
Chill neurons out
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter inside the brain (inhibitory)
Seritonin
sleep and emotional arousal, pain regulation. Mood hunger and sleep (inhibitory)
Acetylcholine
enables muscle action, memory, learning (both)
Dopamine
emotional arousal. Movement, Learning, attention and emotion (both)
Endocrine System
slow chemical communication. a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream
Hormones
chemical messages that act on the brain, manufactured by the endocrine glands
Resting potential
neuron is polarised with a negative charge inside the cell membrane and a positive charge outside
Action impulse
when the neuron fires
graded potential
the spreading voltages that occur as one neutron is excited by other neutrons.
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the
corpus callosum
The foundation of human thought and language is found in one of the functions of:
cerebral cortex
Stimulation of the septal area of the limbic system
is powerfully reinforcing
The term ‘lateralised’ refers to the fact that
cortical functions are localised to one or the other side of the brain
Neurons send signals by
Neurons communicate with one another at the synapse through a process where a chemical message alters the electrical charge of the next neuro
People with excessive levels of dopamine may experience
abnormally high levels in certain areas of the brain have been linked to schizophrenia
The ability to feel a wedding ring on your finger and to see the cat running through a room requires a normally functioning _______ lobe
parietal
parietal Lobes
The parietal lobes control various functions such as sense of touch, detecting movement in the environment, and experiencing one’s own body
Frontal lobe
Abstract thinking, planning, social skills
Parietal lobe
touch, spatial orientation, non verbal thinking
Occiptal lobe
Vision
wernickes area
Speech comprehension
Temporal lobe
Language hearing visual pattern recognition.
Broca’s area
Speech production
cerebral cortex includes
primary areas with usually process raw sensory data
Cerebral lateralisation
psychological functions are processed primarily by one hemisphere
Left hemisphere is
more verbal and analytical
Right hemisphere
non-linguistic functions
Interneurons
connect neutrons with one another
CNS
Central nervous sustem
PNS
peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sensory neutrons that carry sensory information to the brain and motor newtons that direct the action of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system
Controls basic life processes such as the beating of the heart.
Sympathetic nervous system
activated in response to threats or emotional arousal
Parasypathetic nervous system
involved in routine activities such as maintaining the body’s energy resources and restoring the stetted to an even keel after a sympathetic activation
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
hyperpolarise the post-synaptic neuron
Inhibitory neurotransmitters inhibit the firing of a neuron; that is, they reduce the likelihood that the post- synaptic neuron will fire.
