Week 3 Flashcards
Receive stimulation from sensory receptors
Dendrites
A cell in the nervous system specialised to receive, process, and/ or transmit information to other cells.
Neuron
Cell body, contains the nucleus
Soma
Long extended fibre along which neural impulse travels.
Axon
Swollen bulb-like structures that contain neurotransmitters found at the end of the axon
Terminal buttons
Transmit information from sensory cells in the body called receptors. (Cells that receive information to the brain directly or by the way of the spinal cord).
Sensory Neurons
Nerves that connect other neurons with one another.
The majority of neurons in the brain and spinal cord are …
Interneurons
Transmit commands from interneurons to the glands and muscles of the body, most often the spinal cord.
Motor Neurons
Firing the neuron.
It rapidly spreads down the length of the axon to the terminal buttons.
Action potential
The axons of most the Neurons are covered with….
A tight coat of cells composed primary of liqids(fats) that facilitates transmission of information to other neurons.
Myelin sheath
Where neurons connect.
Synapse
The shift in polarity across the membrane and subsequent restoration of the resting potential is called an …. Or the ‘firing of the neuron’.
Action potential
When the neuron is not firing
Resting potential
Sacs are called synaptic vesicles.
Chemicals that transit information from one cell to another.
Neurotransmitters
Are spreading voltages changes along the cell membrane that occurs as the neuron is excited by other neurons.
Graded potential
Is a collection of glands that control various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones.
Sends global messages through the bloodstream.
Endocrine system
Excitation of neurons throughout the nervous system.
Glutamate
Inhibition of neurons in the brain.
Is important in regulating anxiety
GABA
Emotional arousal all, pleasure and reward; voluntary movement.
Has a wide-ranging effects in the nervous system involving thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour.
Dopamine
Involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating arousal and pain.
Decreased …. In the brain is common in severe depression, which often responds to medication that increase … Activity.
Serotonin
Involved in Learning and memory
Linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
ACh
Are chemicals that elevate mood and reduce pain.
Endorphins
Is a collection of glands that secrete chemical directly in the blood stream called hormones.
Endocrine system
Referred to as the Master gland(in the brain)
Many of the hormones it releases it releases stimulates and regulates other glands.
Pituitary gland
Located in the neck.
Releases hormones that control growth metabolism( transformation of food into energy)
Effects energy and moods
Thyroid gland
Located above the kidneys.
These glands secrete adrenalin and other hormones during emergencies.
Adrenal glands
Are endocrine glands that influence sexual development and behaviour.
Located in the testicles
Gonads
Are hormones produced by the female gonads ovaries
Estrogen
Transmits sensory information to the central nervous system and carries out its motor commands.
Receive information through receptors I the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, muscles etc.
Somatic Nervous system
It conveys information to and from bodily structures that carry out basic life processes such as digestion and respiration.
Autonomic nervous system
Is typically activated in response to threats
Fight or flight response
Sympathic nervous system
It’s supports more mundane or routine activities that maintain the body to store energy, such as regulating blood sugar.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Directly above the spinal cord
Has several structures which include
Hindbrain
Lowest brain stream structure.
An extension of the spinal cord that links the cord to the brain.
Medulla oblongata or medulla
Is a large structure at the back of the brain involved in movement as well as other functions.
Cerebellum
Includes structures involved in vision and hearing
Tectum
Serves a variety of functions, many relate to movement and arousal.
Tegmentum
Is involved in complex sensory, emotional, cognitive and behavioural processes.
Forebrain
