Week 3 Flashcards
Which autoantibodies (3) are associated with celiac disease?
Anti-transglutaminase, anti-gliadin and anti-endomysial: Celiac disease
Name 4 sources of IL-1.
IL-1: secreted by macrophages, B cells, monocytes, and osteoblasts
In addition to its role as an endogenous pyrogen (i.e., induces fever), IL-1 performs several important functions:
- Stimulates T helper cells, induces B cells to multiply
- Stimulates acute inflammation, activates endothelial adhesion molecules
- Activates osteoclasts (↑ bone resorption)
What type of cancer is associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
12% chance of developing Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
What diagnostic modalities are needed to diagnose small lymphocytic lymphoma?
The diagnosis of SLL relies on excisional lymph node biopsy along with analysis of a bone marrow biopsy and aspirate.
SLL most commonly runs an indolent course, and patients are often asymptomatic.
Physical exam can show generalized painless lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Coombs test will show warm antibody hemolytic anemia (IgG mediated). CBC will show mild lymphocytosis. And flow cytometry shows B-cells expressing CD19/20/23 and 5 (normally a T-cell marker).
Nodal biopsy will show nodal architecture effacement, small lymphocytes, and some larger lymphoid cells arranged in pseudo follicles (pathognomonic).
Genetic abnormalities are most commonly of chromosomes 11, 12, or 13.
Which autoantibody is associated with Goodpasture’s syndrome?
Anti-GBM (anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies = autoantibodies against the Goodpasture antigen — a peptide within the noncollagenous portion of the α3 chain of type IV collagen): Goodpasture syndrome
What is the pathophysiology of small lymphocytic lymphoma?
SLL is preceded by monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, which results from cytogenetic abnormalities leading to an abnormal response to antigen stimulation and thus proliferation of the mutated B-cell.
Affected B-cells express mutated B-cell receptors, which allow antigen-independent, autonomous signalling promoting cell survival.
Name 6 cell surface proteins found on macrophages.
Macrophages express B7, CD14, CD40, MHC-II, and receptors for Fc and C3b (a complement component)
What is the relationship between fractures and multiple myeloma?
Tumors produce lytic lesions of bone → severe bone pain, spontaneous fractures
Skull & axial skeleton most commonly involved
Excessive bone resorption can precipitate hypercalcemia, which can present with neurological manifestations such as confusion and weakness, as well as polyuria, constipation and bone pain (recall: “bones, stones, groans and psychic overtones”).
