Week 3 Flashcards
what are Two ways of converting food to energy by digestive system
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
How does mechanical digestion work?
Physical actions to break down food.
Steps:
Chewing and tongue movement (mixes food with saliva)
stomach churning + digestive juices (create acidic soup or chyme),
small intestine >localized contractions, mixing all content together > this facilities absorption
How does chemical digestion work ?
Process: from mouth Breakdown of food molecules into chemical building blocks.
Key Enzymes:
Amylase (Produced by salivary glands and pancreas): Breaks down carbohydrates (CHO) into simpler sugars.
Lipase (Produced by the mouth, stomach, and pancreas.): Breaks down fats.
Pepsinogen + hydrochloric acid (HCL-): Converts to pepsin, (to digest ) proteins.
How does aging affect the digestive system ?
Decreased absorption of nutrients
Decreased taste and smell
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Chewing and swallowing (dysphagia) issues
Decreased thirst (risk of dehydration)
Decreased HCl (hydrolic acid)- acid secretion
Decreased peristalsis
Aging Nutritional Requirements
Adult 40-65 Adult > 65
Energy needs:
Male - 2200 kcal/day
Female – 1800-2000kcal/day
(more if active)
Energy needs:
Male - 2000 kcal/day
Female - 1600 kcal/day
(more if active)
Protein:
0.8 gram/kg/day body weight
Protein:
1 gram/kg/day of body weight
-prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
15 mcg/day for both genders
Vitamin D: 20 mcg/day
↓ vitamin D precursor and sun
exposure
Aging Nutritional Requirements
Adult 40-65 Adult > 65
Iron:
18 mg/day for females during
menses
Lower for males (8 mg/day)
Iron :
8mg/day for both genders
Calcium:
1000-1200 mg/day
↑ in females d/t menopause
Calcium:
1000-1200mg/day
↑ d/t bone resorption and ↓
vitamin D levels
Nutritional requirements for age 40-65 ( no need to memorize number)
Adults 40-65:
Energy Needs:
Male: 2200 kcal/day
Female: 1800-2000 kcal/day (more if active)
Protein Intake:
0.8 gram/kg/day of body weight
Aim to prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
15 mcg/day for both genders
Iron Intake:
Females during menses: 18 mg/day
Males: Lower (8 mg/day)
Calcium Intake:
1000-1200 mg/day (Increased in females due to menopause)
Nutritional requirement for age >65 (no need to memorize number)
Energy Needs:
Male: 2000 kcal/day
Female: 1600 kcal/day (more if active)
Protein Intake:
1 gram/kg/day of body weight
Important to prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
20 mcg/day (Especially important due to reduced vitamin D precursor and sun exposure)
Iron Intake:
8 mg/day for both genders
Calcium Intake:
1000-1200 mg/day (Increased due to bone resorption and reduced vitamin D levels)
Vitamin A Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
Vitamin A
* maintenance of skin and mucous membranes
* promotes cell-mediated and antibody-mediated
immunity
Vitamin C Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
Vitamin C
* promotes iron absorption
formation of Hgb (hemoglobin)
development of RBCs (red blood cell)
* supports collagen needed for strengthening capillary
walls and tissue growth
Vitamin K Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
synthesis of clotting factors , increase wound healing
Calcium Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
- promotes blood clotting
- muscle contraction, cardiac function
- promotes bone remodeling
Protein Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
- build, maintain, repair tissues
- gluconeogenesis (making of glucose)
- maintain fluid balance
What are some Nursing Interventions to Promote Nutrition
Maintain good oral hygiene
Small, frequent meals
Environment
Position
Favorite foods
Pain control
Collaborate with dietician and/or speech therapy
Promote a balanced diet
A Balanced Diet with MyPlate
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