Week 3 Flashcards
(16 cards)
what are Two ways of converting food to energy by digestive system
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
How does mechanical digestion work?
Physical actions to break down food.
Steps:
Chewing and tongue movement (mixes food with saliva)
stomach churning + digestive juices (create acidic soup or chyme),
small intestine >localized contractions, mixing all content together > this facilities absorption
How does chemical digestion work ?
Process: from mouth Breakdown of food molecules into chemical building blocks.
Key Enzymes:
Amylase (Produced by salivary glands and pancreas): Breaks down carbohydrates (CHO) into simpler sugars.
Lipase (Produced by the mouth, stomach, and pancreas.): Breaks down fats.
Pepsinogen + hydrochloric acid (HCL-): Converts to pepsin, (to digest ) proteins.
How does aging affect the digestive system ?
Decreased absorption of nutrients
Decreased taste and smell
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Chewing and swallowing (dysphagia) issues
Decreased thirst (risk of dehydration)
Decreased HCl (hydrolic acid)- acid secretion
Decreased peristalsis
Aging Nutritional Requirements
Adult 40-65 Adult > 65
Energy needs:
Male - 2200 kcal/day
Female – 1800-2000kcal/day
(more if active)
Energy needs:
Male - 2000 kcal/day
Female - 1600 kcal/day
(more if active)
Protein:
0.8 gram/kg/day body weight
Protein:
1 gram/kg/day of body weight
-prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
15 mcg/day for both genders
Vitamin D: 20 mcg/day
↓ vitamin D precursor and sun
exposure
Aging Nutritional Requirements
Adult 40-65 Adult > 65
Iron:
18 mg/day for females during
menses
Lower for males (8 mg/day)
Iron :
8mg/day for both genders
Calcium:
1000-1200 mg/day
↑ in females d/t menopause
Calcium:
1000-1200mg/day
↑ d/t bone resorption and ↓
vitamin D levels
Nutritional requirements for age 40-65 ( no need to memorize number)
Adults 40-65:
Energy Needs:
Male: 2200 kcal/day
Female: 1800-2000 kcal/day (more if active)
Protein Intake:
0.8 gram/kg/day of body weight
Aim to prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
15 mcg/day for both genders
Iron Intake:
Females during menses: 18 mg/day
Males: Lower (8 mg/day)
Calcium Intake:
1000-1200 mg/day (Increased in females due to menopause)
Nutritional requirement for age >65 (no need to memorize number)
Energy Needs:
Male: 2000 kcal/day
Female: 1600 kcal/day (more if active)
Protein Intake:
1 gram/kg/day of body weight
Important to prevent age-related muscle loss
Vitamin D:
20 mcg/day (Especially important due to reduced vitamin D precursor and sun exposure)
Iron Intake:
8 mg/day for both genders
Calcium Intake:
1000-1200 mg/day (Increased due to bone resorption and reduced vitamin D levels)
Vitamin A Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
Vitamin A
* maintenance of skin and mucous membranes
* promotes cell-mediated and antibody-mediated
immunity
Vitamin C Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
Vitamin C
* promotes iron absorption
formation of Hgb (hemoglobin)
development of RBCs (red blood cell)
* supports collagen needed for strengthening capillary
walls and tissue growth
Vitamin K Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
synthesis of clotting factors , increase wound healing
Calcium Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
- promotes blood clotting
- muscle contraction, cardiac function
- promotes bone remodeling
Protein Role of Nutrition in Wound Healing and Illness
- build, maintain, repair tissues
- gluconeogenesis (making of glucose)
- maintain fluid balance
What are some Nursing Interventions to Promote Nutrition
Maintain good oral hygiene
Small, frequent meals
Environment
Position
Favorite foods
Pain control
Collaborate with dietician and/or speech therapy
Promote a balanced diet
A Balanced Diet with MyPlate
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