Week 3

Question 1

narrowcasting defintion

Answer 1

fragmentation of audiences, combined with more partisan/ideological product differentiation

Question 2

demassification: one-to-many

Answer 2

broad-appeal content, small number of large and powerful media institutions, little content choice at the audience level due to a limited number of available channels and formats

Question 3

demassification: many-to-many

Answer 3

massive amount of information from a multitude of sources that can transmit their content over many channels, plus more control over both content creation and selection by audience members

Question 4

‘anywhere’ worldview

Answer 4

progressive individualism; care about society, place high value on autonomy, mobility, change and novelty; wary of group identities; comfortable with open borders and immigration; citizens of the world

Question 5

‘somewhere’ worldview

Answer 5

socially conservative and communitarian; lower educated, older and from rooted middle and lower sections of society; small towns and suburbia; decent populism; mistrust of politicians; moderately nationalistic; uncomfortable about cultural and economic change

Question 6

mode of US campaign practice diffusion: adaption model

Answer 6

parties import practices that are successful in US election, resulting in a transformation of election campaigns outside US. End result is standardization

Question 7

model of US campaign diffusion: shopping model

Answer 7

parties study US campaign, adoption depends on fit in the context of their own country = professionalization of political campaigning, leads to hybridization

Question 8

‘crippled epistemology’ of extremism

Answer 8

Fear and uncertainty make people look for epistemic clarity (conspiracy theories provide simple structures)