Week 3 Flashcards
What is illusory conjunctions?
Without focused attention features should be combined at random.
e.g. a bunch of coloured letters flashed on screen briefly –> the colours of each letter we remember will be most likely be wrong
How does the existence of illusory conjunctions support Treisman’s Theory?
Because when shown briefly the features are all recognised but not bound to the objects themselves, so the colours and shapes we see can be bound together incorrectly.
What evidence is there for the top-down effect in visual search?
Identification of objects is more accurate when the object is embedded in coherent context.
What is the inhibition of return?
suppression of processing of (detection of, orienting toward, responding to) stimuli (object and events) that had recently been the focus of attention
Does Inhibition of Return Attach to a Particular Object or to its Location?
When it’s dynamic (moving) it is object based. But location based when static.
What is the spotlight analogy of attention?
Attentional spotlight is when attention is given to an area or specific object so all the object’s different features are together so you could see the specific area/object fully.
What is the Fusiform Face Area (FFA)?
A region of the brain (slightly larger in the right hemisphere) that responds more to faces.
What is the Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA)?
A region of the brain (slightly larger in the right hemisphere) that responds more to places.
What is the stroop effect?
The delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli. (e.g. RT slower to name colour of ink when word is another colour)
- The Phenomenon in which the tendency to name a word will interfere with the ability to say the colour in which the word is printed in.
Why does the stroop effect occur?
People are unable to inhibit reading the word, hence when there is an incogruent trial (different colour ink) people struggle to name the colour as the word interferes
what is ignored repetition / negative priming in the stroop effect?
When a colour that had to be ignored (e.g. The word red in green ink) has to be accessed for the next trail (the word blue in red ink) –> will be slower as you must ignore red then quickly say red in the next trial
What is often seen for Memory for Visual Information and demonstrated by the likes of Mandler and Ritchey (1977) / Gernsbacher (1985)?
(Gernsbacher) => Memory for what the picture was about remained high over that period of time.
- People encode much perceptual detail at
the beginning but it decays very rapidly. => people would forget orientation after 10 seconds and almost every would forget by 10 minutes
What did Bransford & Frank’s experiment involving remembering sentences demonstrate?
Subjects abstracted the meaning of the sentences
and could no longer distinguish between the
correct ideas and the actual sentences.
They reported remembering sentences that were not originally presented, due to similar context.
What is a Propositional Network?
a diagram in which the terms of a proposition and the relations between them are represented as nodes linked to form a network.
What is a Preposition?
The smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion.
