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GEOG 111: Lecture Quiz 1 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do extreme winds happen?

A

Temperature difference of the air above glaciers and surrounding air that leads to difference in densities

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2
Q

Specific heat

A

Energy required to raise the temp by 1 deg Celsius

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3
Q

Freezing point of water at sea level: Celsius

A

0

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4
Q

Freezing point of water at sea level: Farenheit

A

32

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5
Q

Freezing point of water at sea level: kelvin

A

273.15

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6
Q

Boiling point of water at sea level: Celsius

A

100

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7
Q

Boiling point of water at sea level: Fahrenheit

A

212

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8
Q

Boiling point of water at sea level: kelvin

A

373.15

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9
Q

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: kPa

A

101.325

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10
Q

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: mb

A

1013.25

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11
Q

Average sea level atmospheric pressure: hPa

A

1013.25

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12
Q

Atmospheric pressure above sea level

A

Decreasing pressure (effect of gravitational pull is less, less mass)

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13
Q

1 atmosphere

A

14.7 PSI

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14
Q

What happens to atmospheric pressure as you increase/decrease in height?

A

The higher in height the lower the density and pressure

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15
Q

Convection

A

Air moving vertically

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16
Q

Advection

A

Air moving horizontally

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17
Q

2 main forces acting on atmospheric particles

A

Gravity and pressure gradient force

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18
Q

Direction of air movement

A

High pressure to low pressure

Parallel to wind

19
Q

Isobars

A

Join areas of equal pressure

20
Q

Why do pressure differences exist at earths surface?

A

Surface heating

Adiabatic changes

21
Q

Surface heating- high albedo

A

100%, means high reflectivity surface

22
Q

Net amount of radiation absorbed and retained at Earth’s surface

A

0.8 watts/m^2

23
Q

Four differences in energy absorption between water and land

A
  1. Specific heat
  2. Transmission
  3. Mobility
  4. Evaporative cooling
24
Q

Surface heating- specific heat

A

The specific heat of water is 4-5x that of land

25
Q

Transmission

A

Solar radiation pénétrâtes water more easily than land

26
Q

Mobility

A

Water mixes and distributes energy more evenly than land

27
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

The process of evaporation absorbs energy, cooling the surrounding environment

28
Q

Adiabatic

A

Without the addition or subtraction of heat within a system

29
Q

What happens when air mass expands

A

Density of air particles decrease
Air pressure decrease
Temperature decrease

Opposite of air mass is compressed

30
Q

Convection cell

A

Column of air expands over hot surface
Air flow replacing rising air
Where global winds are developed

31
Q

Hadley cell

A

Stable convection cell centred over the tropics/ midlatitudes/ poles
Rising air over ITCZ
Defending air over 30 deg latitude
Shifts North and south seasonally based on the thermal equator

32
Q

Global pressure regions

A

Global circulation cells cause consistent zones of high and low pressure

33
Q

Coriolis effect

A

The apparent deflection of loving objects (wind, oceans) from travelling in a straight path, in proportion to the speed of earth’s rotation at different latitudes

34
Q

Impacts of Coriolis on Hadley cell

A

Winds in the northern hemisphere are pushed right
Concentrated in tropical latitudes
Trade winds
antitrade winds

35
Q

Trade winds

A

Consistent surface winds blowing from east to west (easterlies)

36
Q

Antitrade winds

A

Consistent upper wings blowing west to east westerlies

37
Q

The polar cell

A

Cold air descending over the poles

38
Q

Polar easterlies

A

Consistent surface winds blowing east to west (easterlies)

39
Q

The midlatitudes

A

Season variations in temp prevent significant convection cells from stabilizing
Airflow fed by Hadley and polar cell

40
Q

Labelling winds

A

From direction they are coming from

41
Q

Jet stream

A

Concentrated band of high speed upper atmospheric wind

300km/hr

42
Q

Why do jet streaks form at edge of circulation cells?

A

A cross section of the atmosphere:

  • 2 air masses of different temp
  • pressure variations at altitude
  • pressure gradient forces airflow
43
Q

Rossby waves

A

The méridional (North/south) movement of a jet stream

GEOG 111: Lecture Quiz 1 (2 decks)

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