Week 2a - Personality

Question 1

What is the Id?

Answer 1

unconscious, irrational impulses operated according to pleasure principle

Question 2

What is the Ego?

Answer 2

conscious, realistically responding to events to satisfy both Id and Superego

Question 3

What is the Superego?

Answer 3

morals, consequences and prohibitions

Question 4

What are 3 key elements of Freud’s Psychodynamic theory?

Answer 4

• static theory of personality structure (Id, Ego, Superego)
• development theory of growth of personality (psychosexual stages of development)
• dynamic theory (incorporating motivating force of instincts)

Question 5

What are the 2 principles of Freud’s theory?

Answer 5

• pleasure principle (drives the Id, pleasure as a source of motivation)
• reality principle (ego adapts to real world satisfying Id and Superego)

Question 6

What is the difference between the primary process and the secondary process?

Answer 6

• primary process = unconscious thought where ideas are emotional (not logical) influenced by Id
• secondary process = conscious thought where ideas are logical and guided by reality (Ego)

Question 7

What are the 5 psychosexual stages?

Answer 7

1. ) oral (birth-1 feeding)
2. ) anal (1-3 toileting)
3. ) phallic (3-6 aware of sexual organs, no sexual sense)
4. ) latency (6-11)
5. ) genital (11+ aware of sexual organs in sexual sense)

Question 8

Who are the Neo Freudians and what did they believe?

Answer 8

Carl Jung - believed of a different concept instead of just unconscious and changed to “collective unconscious” as all cultures have inherited ideas

Karen Horney - believed that Freud based theory on a male population and instead of having biological drives but cultural drives

Question 9

What is the humanistic perspective?

Answer 9

Carl Rogers - to achieve ideal self with the need for unconditional positive regard (where if conditional > one will withdraw)

Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Needs

Question 10

What is the cognitive behavioural perspective?

Answer 10

Cognitive behavioural perspective is that behaviour is the result of: expectations (if I do X, Y will happen and valuations (X is good, Y is bad)

Albert Bandura - behaviourists believe that the environment, the internal (thoughts & belief) and external (rewards & punishment) cause behaviour

Question 11

What is reciprocal determinism?

Answer 11

personality is interacted in 3 elements:

1. ) environment
2. ) behaviour
3. ) cognitiion

Question 12

What does self-efficacy influence?

Answer 12

Influences how people feel, think, motivate, behave

Question 13

What are the steps of the modelling process?

Answer 13

ARRM

1. ) Attention
2. ) Retention
3. ) Reproduction
4. ) Motivation

Question 14

Trait Based Theory - Hans Eyesenck: What are the 3 Universal Traits?

Answer 14

1. ) Extroversion - social
2. ) Neuroticism - high lvl (nervous) Vs low lvl (relaxed)
3. ) Psychoticism - high lvl (insensitive) Vs low lvl (good interpersonal skills)

Question 15

Trait Based Theory - the Big 5: What are the Big 5?

Answer 15

1. ) Neuroticism - tendency of unpleasant emotions
2. ) Extraversion - tendency to seek company of others
3. ) Agreeableness - tendency to be compassionate
4. ) Conscientiousness - tendency to self-discipline, be reliable
5. ) Openness to Experience - tendency to enjoy new experiences/ ideas

Question 16

Interactionist perspective: Who is Walter Mischel?

Answer 16

Situationist approach - behaviour primarily determined by environment with Person vs Situation where the event outweighs personality