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EEE 113 > WEEK 2A: ELECTRICAL LOAD > Flashcards

WEEK 2A: ELECTRICAL LOAD Flashcards

1
Q
  • Any device which dissipates (consumes) power
  • Defined by impedance (resistance, reactance)
  • Modelled in aggregated way in the context of power systems
A

electrical load

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2
Q

The real component is the [?] which results to dissipation of heat
(usable energy).

A

resistance

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3
Q

The imaginary component is [?] which instead of dissipating
heat, energy is stored.

A

reactance

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4
Q

Types of Loads (RIC)

A
  • resistive
  • inductive
  • capacitive
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5
Q
  • Resists current linearly, producing heat and light
  • E.g. incandescent bulbs, iron, toaster
  • Power is real component only (Watts)
A

Resistive Loads

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6
Q
  • Resists changes in current
  • E.g. motors (fans, pumps), solenoids, relays
  • Power has real (W) and reactive component (VAR)
A

Inductive Loads

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7
Q
  • Resists changes in voltage
  • Not very common; e.g. flashbulb, heart defibrillator
  • Power has real and reactive (but negative) compone
A

Capactivie Loads

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8
Q

Types of Loads (AC or DC)

A
  • AC
  • DC
  • Purely resistive (can be both ac and dc)
  • can be interfaced to one type and vv
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9
Q

require specific frequency and voltage such as motors, and fluorescent lamps.

A

AC Loads

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10
Q

include those with battery system like most electronics

A

DC Loads

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11
Q

can be used both for AC and DC (example incandescent lights).

A

Purely Resistive Loads

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12
Q
  • Simplest type of load
  • tolerant to variations in power quality: Not affected by voltage or
    frequency (or whether it alternates at all)
A

Resistive Load

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13
Q

resistive load power factor

A

1.0

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14
Q
  • One of the first applications of electricity
  • Lamps, ballasts, starters, converters, luminaires and controls
  • Lumens (lm): measure of total quantity of visible light
  • Luminous efficacy (lumens / W)
A

Lighting

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15
Q

A lighting system consists of the (5)

A
  • light bulb
  • power regulators (e.g. ballasts)
  • converters (LED light bulbs)
  • luminaires
  • controls
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16
Q

The quantity of visible light is measured in

A

lumens (lm)

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17
Q

to connect lumens
with the electrical property, the [?] is usually given

A

luminous efficacy (lumens/Watt)

18
Q
  • Inexpensive, easy to use, excellent color rendering, easy to dim, free of toxic components, instant switching, can also be used for heating
  • Short lamp life, low luminous efficacy, heat generation
A

incandescent - tungsten wire

19
Q
  • Low pressure gas discharge light source (with [?] powder and mercury vapor)
  • Long tubular bulb with an electrode at each end
  • Inexpensive, good luminous efficacy, long lamp life
  • Needs auxilliary ballast and starter, contains mercury
A

Fluorescent

20
Q
  • More expensive
  • Long lamp life (dependent on electronics)
A

LED Lights

21
Q

Types of Lighting

A
  • incandescent
  • fluorescent
  • Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)
  • LED lights
22
Q
  • Significant fraction of residential, commercial and industrial load
  • Fans, pumps (fridge, A/C), power tools, electric vehicles
  • Electrical to mechanical energy conversion
  • Mechanical power output is expressed in horsepower (hp) = 746W
  • AC motors: induction, synchronous
  • DC motors: high torque, used for locomotive applications
  • Sensitive to power quality (excessive heating)
A

motors

23
Q

Electronic Devices

A
  • Low voltage DC
  • may be supplied by batteries or psu (e.g. ATX: 12V, 5V, 3.3V), chargers
  • usually small power demand
  • Less intense computing = less energy
  • Phantom load: energy used in standby mode
  • In combination with other types of load:
    computers with motors, lights, etc.
24
Q

refers to a quantity of power not energy

A

demand

25
Q

, is represented in a load
profile or a demand curve

A

instantaneous demand

26
Q

tends to be the most
important factor to a system operator, is called the peak load, peak demand, or simply
peak

A

maximum demand

27
Q

change shapes based on type of use, season, location, and weather

A

daily demand curve

28
Q
  • No need to generate when it will be used
  • Reliable power: guarantee sufficient supply of energy during time of
    peak demand or when resource unavailable (e.g. rural electrification)
  • Power quality improvement: intermittence of RE
  • Peak load shaving
A

need for storage

29
Q
A
29
Q

An electrical component that can be considered as a load (and a generator)

A

storage

30
Q

reducing the peak demand from the grid

A

peak load shaving

31
Q

Types of Storage

A
  • chemical
  • mechanical
  • electrical
32
Q
  • Batteries: Lead-Acid, Li-ion based, redox batteries
  • Fuel cells: hydrogen
A

Chemical Storage

33
Q
  • Pumped hydro (e.g. Caliraya lake)
  • Flywheel
  • Stored mass
  • Compressed air
  • Heat storage: molten salt, water, grave
A

Mechanical Storage

34
Q
  • Superconductive magnetic energy storage
  • capacitors
A

Electrical Storage

35
Q

Examples of Energy Storage in
Power Systems in the
Philippines

A
  • Solar Power Philippines Paluan microgrid
  • Kalayaan Pumped Hydro Storage
  • AES Masinloc Energy Storage System
36
Q
  • 5 ha
  • 2MW solar, 2 MWh
    Tesla batteries with
    a 2 MW diesel
    generator
A
  • Solar Power Philippines Paluan microgrid
37
Q
  • Situated in Laguna, water is pumped from Laguna Lake to Lake
    Caliraya. To produce electricity, water is released from Caliraya Lake to run a turbine
A
  • Kalayaan Pumped Hydro Storage
38
Q
  • 10MW battery for ancillary services
A
  • AES Masinloc Energy Storage System
39
Q

fast charging system for electric
vehicles developed at EEE Institute

A

Charging in Minutes (CharM)

EEE 113 (3 decks)

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