Week 2.3 Fracture Classifications Flashcards
what are the 4 types of descriptors for fractures
type, communition, location and displacement
what is the difference between complete and incomplete, and what is a subcategory of this
complete is all the way across, and incomplete is not all the way through, greenstick is an incomplete fracture.
greenstick is what kind of fracture
type of incomplete
difference between oblique and transverse fracture. what is a subset
transverse is straight line through the bone, and oblique is diagonal across the bone
subset is a spiral or torsional fracture
what is a spiral or torsion fracture
the fracture wraps around the bone
compound vs simple
compound is through the skin, simps is partial without a skin wound
what is communition
the number of broken pieces
what is non-communition
complete or incomplete, but 2 pieces
what is commnuted
3+ pieces
classification of comminuted
3-4 is mild
5+ is severe
how do we describe the location of a fracture
anatomically, like distal proximal, the bones involved (tibial plateau, inter-articular distal tibia)
distal 1/3 radial
lateral ascot of the tibial plateau
displacement is the…
amount of movement from the normal location
translation
shifts medially or laterally
angulation
direction of the distal segment (has an apex)
apex of the bone is described as the distal segment and the direction its pointing.
shortening is
expressed in cm, the amount the bones overlap
how does a typical greenstick fracture look
splintering
what is the salter harris classification
pediatric growth plate injury
type 1: fracture across physics without metaphysis or epiphyses injury
type 2: extends into metaphysis
type 3: extends into epiphysis
type 4: through the metaphysis and epiphysis
type 5: crush injury
Gustillo classification
open fractures of the skin, with 3 grades to the soft tissue
1: less than 1 cm clean
2: over 1 cm, contaminated wound bed, mod comminution
3A: over 10 cm with crushed tissues and contamination (soft tissue cover possible)
3B: over 10 cm with crushed tissue and contamination, but no soft tissue coverage, need a flap
3C: major vascular injury needing repair (amputation)
Neer Proximal Humerus Fracture Classification
displacement is
- relationship of anatomic neck, surgical neck, greater and lesser tuberosity.
- displacement is: angulation more than 45 degrees and over 1 cm from anatomic position
Neer classification
1: no displacement
2: one displacement
3: two displacements but humeral head in contact with glenoid
4: three or more displacements and dislocation of particular surfaces.
Muller AO Classification
1st: long bone
2nd: bone segment
letter: fracture type
ortho surgeons and post op reports
