Week 2.3 Fracture Classifications

Question 1

what are the 4 types of descriptors for fractures

Answer 1

type, communition, location and displacement

Question 2

what is the difference between complete and incomplete, and what is a subcategory of this

Answer 2

complete is all the way across, and incomplete is not all the way through, greenstick is an incomplete fracture.

Question 3

greenstick is what kind of fracture

Answer 3

type of incomplete

Question 4

difference between oblique and transverse fracture. what is a subset

Answer 4

transverse is straight line through the bone, and oblique is diagonal across the bone

subset is a spiral or torsional fracture

Question 5

what is a spiral or torsion fracture

Answer 5

the fracture wraps around the bone

Question 6

compound vs simple

Answer 6

compound is through the skin, simps is partial without a skin wound

Question 7

what is communition

Answer 7

the number of broken pieces

Question 8

what is non-communition

Answer 8

complete or incomplete, but 2 pieces

Question 9

what is commnuted

Answer 9

3+ pieces

Question 10

classification of comminuted

Answer 10

3-4 is mild

5+ is severe

Question 11

how do we describe the location of a fracture

Answer 11

anatomically, like distal proximal, the bones involved (tibial plateau, inter-articular distal tibia)
distal 1/3 radial
lateral ascot of the tibial plateau

Question 12

displacement is the…

Answer 12

amount of movement from the normal location

Question 13

translation

Answer 13

shifts medially or laterally

Question 14

angulation

Answer 14

direction of the distal segment (has an apex)

apex of the bone is described as the distal segment and the direction its pointing.

Question 15

shortening is

Answer 15

expressed in cm, the amount the bones overlap

Question 16

how does a typical greenstick fracture look

Answer 16

splintering

Question 17

what is the salter harris classification

Answer 17

pediatric growth plate injury
type 1: fracture across physics without metaphysis or epiphyses injury
type 2: extends into metaphysis
type 3: extends into epiphysis
type 4: through the metaphysis and epiphysis
type 5: crush injury

Question 18

Gustillo classification

Answer 18

open fractures of the skin, with 3 grades to the soft tissue
1: less than 1 cm clean
2: over 1 cm, contaminated wound bed, mod comminution
3A: over 10 cm with crushed tissues and contamination (soft tissue cover possible)
3B: over 10 cm with crushed tissue and contamination, but no soft tissue coverage, need a flap
3C: major vascular injury needing repair (amputation)

Question 19

Neer Proximal Humerus Fracture Classification

displacement is

Answer 19

• relationship of anatomic neck, surgical neck, greater and lesser tuberosity.
• displacement is: angulation more than 45 degrees and over 1 cm from anatomic position

Question 20

Neer classification

Answer 20

1: no displacement
2: one displacement
3: two displacements but humeral head in contact with glenoid
4: three or more displacements and dislocation of particular surfaces.

Question 21

Muller AO Classification

Answer 21

1st: long bone
2nd: bone segment
letter: fracture type

ortho surgeons and post op reports