Week 20b - Cancer

Question 1

features of cancer

Answer 1

uncontrolled proliferation
self sufficiency in growth signals
insensitivity to anti-growth signals
avoiding cell death (apoptosis)
established blood flow for oxygen and nutrients
tissue invasion
metastasis - spread to other body parts
invasion - local spread

Question 2

lifetime risk of cancer diagnosis

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

peak age of cancer diagnosis

Answer 3

85-89 years old

Question 4

common cancers - men

Answer 4

prostate
trachea, bronchus, lung
colorectal
head and neck
kidney
oesophagus
non-hodgkin lymphoma
malignant melanoma of the skin
bladder
liver and intrahepatic bile ducts

Question 5

common cancers - women

Answer 5

breast
trachea, bronchus, lung
colorectal
corpus uteri
ovarian
malignant melanoma of the skin
kidney
head and neck
non-hodgkin lymphoma
pancreatic

Question 6

cancer prevention statistic

Answer 6

~40% of cancers preventable

Question 7

modifiable risk factors

Answer 7

smoking
obesity
HPV vaccine for cervical cancer
sun exposure
alcohol consumption
radiation exposure
asbestos/dust exposure
healthy diet
certain infections
processed meat
air pollution

Question 8

what is a red flag symptom

Answer 8

common term indicating common symptom or sigh that may link to serious pathology
shorthand for something you shouldnt miss

Question 9

back pain red flags

Answer 9

weakness/numbness in both legs
saddle anaesthesia
urine retention or incontinence, faecal incontinence
nocturnal pain
weight loss
fevers
thoracic pain
recent trauma
history of cancer/immunosuppression