Week 2 Vocab

Question 1

Cryotherapy

Answer 1

the use of cold modalities for therapeutic purposes

Question 2

Conduction

Answer 2

is the transfer of energy by direct interaction of the molecules in the warmer area with those in the cooler area

Example: ice or heat packs

Question 3

Convection

Answer 3

direct contact between two materials when one is moving past the other, such as fluid particles

Example: whirlpool

Question 4

Conversion

Answer 4

Nonthermal energy converted to heat

Example: Ultrasound

Question 5

Radiation

Answer 5

Energy transfer between two materials that are not in contact with one another

Example: heat from the sun

Question 6

Evaporation

Answer 6

the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor)

Example: Vapocoolant sprays

Question 7

Hemodynamics

Answer 7

how your blood flows through your blood vessels

Question 8

Vasodilation

Answer 8

the dilatation or widening of blood vessels

Question 9

Vasoconstriction

Answer 9

the narrowing of blood vessels

Question 10

Absolute contraindication

Answer 10

event or substance could cause a life-threatening situation should never be given or performed

Question 11

Relative contraindication

Answer 11

the benefits of an event or substance may outweigh the risks associated

Question 12

Precaution

Answer 12

event or substance should be performed or used cautiously

Question 13

Cryoglobulinemia

Answer 13

abnormal blood proteins called cryoglobulins clump together at cold temperatures, restricting blood flow and causing damage to skin, muscles, nerves, and organs—especially the kidneys

Question 14

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Answer 14

an uncommon autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in which autoantibodies to red blood cells bind to the cells in cold temperatures and fix complement, which can cause intravascular hemolysis upon warming

Question 15

Raynaud Disease or phenomenon

Answer 15

a condition that causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow, restricting blood flow

Question 16

Vapocoolant spray

Answer 16

spray used for temporary pain relief before stretching muscles with active trigger points or muscles with local spasm. These sprays use evaporation as a means of energy transfer

Question 17

Ice massage

Answer 17

the use of ice directly on the injury

Question 18

Controlled cold compression unit

Answer 18

Cold therapy machines work by circulating water through an ice reservoir

Question 19

Specific heat

Answer 19

the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree

Question 20

Fluidotherapy

Answer 20

a high-intensity heat modality consisting of a dry whirlpool of finely divided solid particles suspended in a heated air stream, the mixture having the properties of a liquid

Question 21

Paraffin treatment

Answer 21

paraffin wax is often applied to the hands and feet. The wax is a natural emollient, helping make skin supple and soft

Question 22

Therapeutic ultrasound

Answer 22

high-frequency mechanical waves delivered using acoustic energy for rehab purposes.

Question 23

Phonophoresis

Answer 23

when therapeutic ultrasound is used to maximize the effects of a topical drug

Question 24

Piezoelectric effect

Answer 24

a phenomenon where specific types of material (e.g., quartz, topaz, etc.) produce an electric charge proportional to the mechanical stress applied to them

Question 25

Effective radiating area (ERA

Answer 25

the area that receives at least 5% of the peak sound energy. This is essentially the size of the area to which sound energy is conducted when the head of the ultrasound unit contacts the skin. The ERA is somewhat smaller than the surface area of the sound head

Question 26

Beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR)

Answer 26

is the ratio of the average intensity of the ultrasound beam across the ERA divided by the peak intensity of the ultrasound beam; the lower the BNR, the more uniform the intensity of the sound wave

Question 27

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 27

an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs

Question 28

Epiphyseal plates

Answer 28

hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. Area of new bone growth in children

Question 29

Beam Absorbed

Answer 29

Energy absorbed by the structure under the sound head

Question 30

Beam Reflected

Answer 30

Energy that bounces off of a surface

Question 31

Beam Refracted

Answer 31

the bending of an energy when it goes from one material into another

Question 32

Spatial Peak

Answer 32

At a particular depth the center of a sound beam is more intense than the edge. The beam’s intensity at the location where it is maximum

Question 33

Attenuation coefficients

Answer 33

the decrease in energy due to absorption, reflection, and refraction (absorption accounts for ½ of attenuation

Question 34

Duty cycle

Answer 34

the cycle of operation of a machine or other device which operates intermittently rather than continuously