Week 2 VHA

Question 1

Maltese cross on urine microscopy indicates which glomerular nephritis?

Answer 1

Minimal change

Question 2

Is complement normal or abnormal in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 2

normal

Question 3

What does light microscopy look like in minimal change disease?

Answer 3

normal

Question 4

What does electron microscopy look like in minimal change disease?

Answer 4

effacement of foot processes

(this is a non-specific finding that happens anytime you have proteinuria)

Question 5

What is the most common cause of nephrotic disease in children?

Answer 5

minimal change disease

Question 6

Will minimal change disease recur ?

Answer 6

it is possible

Question 7

Balls of collagen in glomerulus on light microscopy are what?

Answer 7

sclerosis

Question 8

What disease can anabolic steriod use predispose you to?

Answer 8

FSGS

Question 9

What is the course of FSGS if not treated?

Answer 9

progresses to ESRD

Question 10

What is the most common primary cause of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 10

FSGS

Question 11

What is the most common secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 11

diabetes

Question 12

What nephrotic disease can HIV be associated with?

Answer 12

FSGS

Question 13

What nephrotic disease can APOL1 allele be associate with?

Answer 13

FSGS

Question 14

What nephrotic disease is associated with a solid organ tumor?

Answer 14

membranous nephropathy

Question 15

What are defining features on light microscopy of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 15

thick basement membranes

spikes

Question 16

What does EM show in membranous nephropathy?

Answer 16

electron dense deposits under the podocytes

also see effacement of foot processes

Question 17

What nephrotic syndrome are NSAIDs associated with?

Answer 17

membranous nephropathy

Question 18

What nephrotic syndrome is lupus associated with?

Answer 18

membranous nephropathy

Question 19

What nephrotic syndrome are solid tumors associated with?

Answer 19

membranous nephropathy

Question 20

High serum calcium in the setting of nephrotic syndrome indicates …

Answer 20

amyloidosis

Question 21

Back pain in the setting of nephrotic syndrome indicates …

Answer 21

amyloidosis

skeletal lesions from amyloidosis causing pain (myeloma)

Question 22

What do you see on light microscopy for amyloidosis of kidney?

Answer 22

acellular mesangial expansion

Question 23

What do you see in diabetic kidney disease on light microscopy?

Answer 23

KW nodules

expansion of mesangial cells

Question 24

How does contrast move through kidneys on imaging?

Answer 24

cortex - medulla - collecting system (renal pelvis)

Question 25

hydronephrosis definition

Answer 25

too much urine in collecting system

Question 26

How can you tell if hydronephros is occuring in calyces?

Answer 26

they are all connected with fluid

Question 27

How can you tell a renal calculus on ultrasound?

Answer 27

there is a bright spot followed by an acoustic shadow

Question 28

What is the name of calculus that fills the whole renal collecting system?

Answer 28

staghorn calculus

Question 29

What can cause a kidney infection?

Answer 29

stasis in urine flow due to obstruction

Question 30

Pyonephrosis

Answer 30

infection has progressed to make an abscess

Question 31

Pyelonephritis

Answer 31

infection of kidneys can be focal or diffuse

Question 32

How do atherosclerotic lesions in the renal vasculature look compared to kidney stones?

Answer 32

they have a donut shape from the calcification spreading around the vessel

Question 33

Are nephrotic syndrome patients at increased risk for clotting?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

Does edema in nephrotic syndrome occur due to hypoalbuminemia?

Answer 34

bnb says yes, BUT in-class materials say no

Question 35

What nephrotic syndrome is associated with HBV infection?

Answer 35

membranous glumerulopathy

Question 36

What is the most common cause of membranous glomerulopathy?

Answer 36

autoantibodies to podocyte antigen (phospholipase A2 receptor)

Question 37

What do amyloid deposits look like on H&E stain in kidney?

Answer 37

look like diabetic nephropathy

Question 38

What is orthostatic proteinuria?

Answer 38

proteinuria that only occurs when patient is upright small amounts of protein in urine usually benign

Question 39

is fusion of foot processes the same as effacement of foot processes?

Answer 39

yes, according to inhouse material

Question 40

FSGS can cause what response ...

Answer 40

hypertension

Question 41

Polycystic kidney disease has what inheritance pattern?

Answer 41

autosomal dominant

Question 42

What can be associated with PKD?

Answer 42

berry aneurysms

Question 43

Do cystic lesions occur in other organs if someone has PKD?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

What is associated with cholesterol emboli from an immune perspective?

Answer 44

Hypocomplementemia decreased serum complements

Question 45

If you have pyelonephritis, what will be in the urine?

Answer 45

WBC casts in the urine from the inflammation

Question 46

Hypersensitivity reactions in the kidney are manifested by what findings?

Answer 46

intestitial edema with eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate

Question 47

Fibrinoid vs. onion skinning of artery

Answer 47

onion skinning = HTN emergency (hyperplastic arteriosclerosis) fibrinoid / pink = chronic HTN / DM (Hyland arteriosclerosis)

Question 48

What blocks the horshoe kidney from ascending as high?

Answer 48

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 49

What is the most common congenital urogenital anomaly?

Answer 49

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 50

In which sex does ureterovesical AND urteroplevic junction obstruction occur more?

Answer 50

males

Question 51

In what sex do ureteroceles occur more frequently?

Answer 51

females

Question 52

Posterior urethral valves occur more in which sex?

Answer 52

males

Question 53

Difference between renal aplasia and renal agenesis

Answer 53

aplasia = dysplastic kidney degenerated agenesis = no kidney developed