Week 2: Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
Types of tissues
A
- Epithelial
- Muscular
- Connective
- Nervous
- Blood (may be considered connective tissue)
2
Q
epithelial tissue
A
- Covers the body
- Lines body cavities (mucous membranes)
- Forms some glands ( in brain and in skin)
- Described by number of layers of cells, one two or more
- Described by the shape of the cell: flat, tall and cylindrical or cube shaped
- May have hair cells present or not
3
Q
connective tissue
A
- Types classified as: Loose or dense or specialized
- Dense tissue has greater fibre concentration and provides structural support
- Muscles
- Bones
- Joints
- Tendons and ligaments
- Special properties: elastic connective tissue of the vocal cords make speech
4
Q
bones
A
- Dense connective tissue
- 206 bones in adult human skeleton (sometimes)
- Axial and appendicular skeleton
5
Q
Types of muscle tissue
A
- Striated Skeletal: found on the skeleton; fibres are bundled; receive stimulation from cerebrospinal nerves; capable of voluntary contraction
- Striated cardiac: found in the heart; fibres are separate cellular units; contract involuntarily
- Smooth: long spindle shaped cells; stimulated by the autonomic nervous system; is not under voluntary control eg wall of respiratory passage
6
Q
nerve tissue
A
- Main function is communication at a cellular level
- Junction between a motor nerve and muscle membrane
- Properties:
- Irritability =reaction to physical and chemical agents
- Conductivity = transmission of reaction from one point to another
7
Q
types of nerve tissue
A
- Neurons general and conduct impulses
- Neuroglia form the support structure of the nervous system, insulating and protecting neurons.
8
Q
cells
A
Building blocks of all living things
9
Q
tissues
A
Groups of cells with similar structure and perform a function
10
Q
organs
A
When two or more types of tissue combine for a special function
11
Q
system
A
When two or more organs combine to work on the same function
12
Q
axial
A
- (supports vital organs and brain)
- Skull
- Vertebrae
- Ribcage
- Hyoid bone (tongue attaches, not attached to other bones, stability for trachea and larynx, structure in neck)
13
Q
appendicular
A
(supports movement)
- Shoulder Girdle
- Pelvic Girdle
14
Q
types of joints
A
- Synarthrodial (in skull)
- Amphiarthrodial (in pelvis)
- Diathrodial: two examples are larynx and jaw
15
Q
diathrodial
A
- Condyloid
- Saddle (ear)
- Ball and Socket
- Gliding (spine, vertebrae)
- Hinge (fingers)
- Pivot (skull and spine)
16
Q
tendons
A
- Dense connective tissue
- Tendons are characterized as tough, non elastic, always associated with muscles
- muscles → muscle
- muscle → bone
- muscle → cartilage
- always muscle involved
- Provides movement
- Tendons are characterized as tough, non elastic, always associated with muscles
17
Q
ligaments
A
- Dense connective Tissue
- Ligaments are characterized as elastic
- bone → bone
- bone → cartilage
- always associated with bone
- Provides stability
- Ligaments are characterized as elastic
18
Q
cartilage
A
- Softer than bone, type of body tissue, it is dense connective tissue, non vascular
- Found in nose and ears
- Entire skeleton during early development
- Subtypes:
- Fibrous (tough) found in some joints , back.. Vertebral discs
- Hyaline ( semi-rigid) mostly collagen, lines joints surfaces, connects ribs
- Elastic (flexible) found in ear, epiglottis, and small cartilages of larynx
19
Q
muscle cells
A
- long, have a blood supply and have the ability to contract
- Cells are also called fibres and the fibres are bundled
20
Q
voluntary vs. involuntary muscles
A
- Involuntary muscles are not controlled by consciousness e.g. heart
- Voluntary muscles are skeletal muscles , ie attached to bone
- you can choose to move arms, legs, hands, head, neck, face, body
- Control comes from brain, neuromuscular signals that message the muscle fibres and cause them to contract.
