Week 2: Tissues

Question 1

Types of tissues

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• Muscular
• Connective
• Nervous
• Blood (may be considered connective tissue)

Question 2

epithelial tissue

Answer 2

• Covers the body
• Lines body cavities (mucous membranes)
• Forms some glands ( in brain and in skin)
• Described by number of layers of cells, one two or more
• Described by the shape of the cell: flat, tall and cylindrical or cube shaped
• May have hair cells present or not

Question 3

connective tissue

Answer 3

• Types classified as: Loose or dense or specialized
• Dense tissue has greater fibre concentration and provides structural support
  
  • Muscles
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Tendons and ligaments
• Special properties: elastic connective tissue of the vocal cords make speech

Question 4

bones

Answer 4

• Dense connective tissue
• 206 bones in adult human skeleton (sometimes)
• Axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 5

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 5

• Striated Skeletal: found on the skeleton; fibres are bundled; receive stimulation from cerebrospinal nerves; capable of voluntary contraction
• Striated cardiac: found in the heart; fibres are separate cellular units; contract involuntarily
• Smooth: long spindle shaped cells; stimulated by the autonomic nervous system; is not under voluntary control eg wall of respiratory passage

Question 6

nerve tissue

Answer 6

• Main function is communication at a cellular level
• Junction between a motor nerve and muscle membrane
• Properties:
  
  • Irritability =reaction to physical and chemical agents
  • Conductivity = transmission of reaction from one point to another

Question 7

types of nerve tissue

Answer 7

• Neurons general and conduct impulses
  
  • Neuroglia form the support structure of the nervous system, insulating and protecting neurons.

Question 8

cells

Answer 8

Building blocks of all living things

Question 9

tissues

Answer 9

Groups of cells with similar structure and perform a function

Question 10

organs

Answer 10

When two or more types of tissue combine for a special function

Question 11

system

Answer 11

When two or more organs combine to work on the same function

Question 12

axial

Answer 12

• (supports vital organs and brain)
  
  • Skull
  • Vertebrae
  • Ribcage
  • Hyoid bone (tongue attaches, not attached to other bones, stability for trachea and larynx, structure in neck)

Question 13

appendicular

Answer 13

(supports movement)
- Shoulder Girdle
- Pelvic Girdle

Question 14

types of joints

Answer 14

• Synarthrodial (in skull)
• Amphiarthrodial (in pelvis)
• Diathrodial: two examples are larynx and jaw

Question 15

diathrodial

Answer 15

• Condyloid
• Saddle (ear)
• Ball and Socket
• Gliding (spine, vertebrae)
• Hinge (fingers)
• Pivot (skull and spine)

Question 16

tendons

Answer 16

• Dense connective tissue
  
  • Tendons are characterized as tough, non elastic, always associated with muscles
    
    • muscles → muscle
    • muscle → bone
    • muscle → cartilage
  • always muscle involved
  • Provides movement

Question 17

ligaments

Answer 17

• Dense connective Tissue
  
  • Ligaments are characterized as elastic
    
    • bone → bone
    • bone → cartilage
  • always associated with bone
  • Provides stability

Question 18

cartilage

Answer 18

• Softer than bone, type of body tissue, it is dense connective tissue, non vascular
• Found in nose and ears
• Entire skeleton during early development
• Subtypes:
  
  • Fibrous (tough) found in some joints , back.. Vertebral discs
  • Hyaline ( semi-rigid) mostly collagen, lines joints surfaces, connects ribs
  • Elastic (flexible) found in ear, epiglottis, and small cartilages of larynx

Question 19

muscle cells

Answer 19

• long, have a blood supply and have the ability to contract
• Cells are also called fibres and the fibres are bundled

Question 20

voluntary vs. involuntary muscles

Answer 20

• Involuntary muscles are not controlled by consciousness e.g. heart
• Voluntary muscles are skeletal muscles , ie attached to bone
• you can choose to move arms, legs, hands, head, neck, face, body
• Control comes from brain, neuromuscular signals that message the muscle fibres and cause them to contract.