WEEK 2 - THERMOTHERAPY LEC

Question 1

What are the 4 mechanisms for Heat Transfer?

Answer 1

Conduction, Convection, Conversion, Radiation

Question 2

What is Conduction? Kind of application does it represent? Examples?

Answer 2

• Heat is transferred by direct contact b/w subject and source
• Static Application
• Heat packs, paraffin bath, hot bath

Question 3

What is Convection? Kind of application does it represent? Examples?

Answer 3

• Heat is transferred when particles such as air or water move across the body creating a temperature variation
• Dynamic Application
• Warm whirlpool, fluidotherapy (air type of source) [ not relevant in today’s world ]

Question 4

What is Conversion? Kind of application does it represent? Examples? What kind of waves for each of the examples?

Answer 4

• Heat is transferred by a device that converts energy from one form to another
• none
• ultrasound (waves) , diathermy (microwaves)

Question 5

What is Radiation? Kind of application does it represent? Examples?

Answer 5

• Heat is transferred through a conducting medium

- infrared lamps, laser

Question 6

What is the temperature of specific heat for water?

Answer 6

4.19 J/g.C

Question 7

What is the temperature of specific heat for air?

Answer 7

1.01 J/g.C

Question 8

What is the temperature of specific heat for paraffin?

Answer 8

1.2 J/g.C

Question 9

What are the units measured from Thermal conductivity?

Answer 9

Cal/sec OVER (cm^2 x .C/cm)

Question 10

Based off of Thermal Conductivity, muscle is…

Answer 10

more significant conduct than fat

Question 11

Based off of Thermal Conductivity, fat is…

Answer 11

good insulator

Question 12

Rate of heat transfer equation:

Answer 12

area of contact x thermal conductivity x temp difference OVER tissue thickness

Question 13

Which of the 4 Thermotherapy effects that vasodilation allow increased blood flow?

Answer 13

Hemodynamic Effect

Question 14

Which type of muscle allows the direct reflex activation in allowing vasodilation when heat pack is applied onto the location?

Answer 14

Smooth muscle

Question 15

In the hemodynamic effect, adding heat pad onto the patient would increase blood flow, which result bring in?

Answer 15

More O2 and nutrients to the site

Question 16

The concept of metabolic effect, when INCREASING a local tissue temperature would….?

Answer 16

Increase the metabolic rate

Question 17

Metabolism increases in ______ temperature for every 10.C increase?

Answer 17

13 %

Question 18

What does hemoglobin release and how much does it release at 41.C compared to what temperature?

Answer 18

• Oxygen
• Twice
• 36.C

Question 19

What theory is involve when heat decreases the intensity of the pain?

Answer 19

Gate Control Theory

Question 20

With heat decreasing the intensity, which of the fibers is activated which BLOCKS these fibers called what?

Answer 20

• Activate the large, fast tactile fibers

- Blocks the smaller, slower pain-transmitting fibers

Question 21

What are the two pathways that involve in the decrease of heat?

Answer 21

type 2 muscle spindle afferents AND gamma efferents

Question 22

When heat decreases, what is going on with Type IB?

Answer 22

Increasing would fire Type IB

Question 23

When heat decreases, what lead the cause the muscle to relax?

Answer 23

leads to reduction of alpha motor neuron firing causing muscle relaxation

Question 24

What type of product involves in the change of soft tissue when it is heated?

Answer 24

Plastic

Question 25

Plastic change in soft tissue when the tissue temperature achieves is maintained at this value?

Answer 25

104-113.F for 5-10 minutes