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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Week 2 - Skeletal Tissues and The Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Week 2 - Skeletal Tissues and The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 common cartilage tissues found in the body

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
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2
Q

What are cartilage and bone both made out of?

A

Supportive connective tissues

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3
Q

List 2 major roles of cartilage

A
  1. Keeps join motion fluid through a gel like coating (prevents friction = damage from adjacent structures)
  2. Absorbs external impact; reduces damage and internal trauma
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4
Q

Define a bone and Identify its 2 types of classification

A

Definition: A hard connective tissue that protects and supports organs in the body

Classifications:

  1. Compact (Cortical/Dense) bone
  2. Spongy (Cancellous/Trabecular) bone
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5
Q

Recall some of the microscopic features in a bone

i.e Lamellae …

A
  1. Lamellae (lamella = multiple) - a group of hollow cylinders that surround a central canal (repeating circle structures)
  2. Harversian Canal (central canal)
  3. Volkmann’s Canal (perforating canal) - these are are connected to the side of the Harversian canal
  4. Osteons (repeating lamella structures)
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6
Q

Periosteum is connected to bone by what connective tissue

A

Sharpey’s Fibres

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7
Q

Bone can be classified by the structure of its shape. What are its 4 main structural classifications. Give 1 example for each

A
  1. Long bone - Arm (humerus)
  2. Short bone - Fingers or Toes (Phalanges)
  3. Flat bone - Chest (sternum)
  4. Irregular bone - Spine (vertebral bone)
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8
Q

What is a major difference between Compact and Spongy bone

A

Spongy bone contains a porous lattice known as trabeculae that lack true osteons compared to compact bone which contain many osteon structures

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9
Q

What are the cavities between trabeculae called

A

Red marrow; found in abundance in short, flat & irregular bones

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10
Q

The structure of a long bone contains 2 major regions and a specific type of cartilage tissue. What are they?

A
  1. Diaphysis - middle section; region comprising of compact bone
  2. Epiphysis - top & bottom sections; region comprising of trabeculae

Hyaline Cartilage; specific name = articular cartilage

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11
Q

Describe features of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Function:
Most abundant cartilage in the skeleton that is responsible for connecting joints and providing mechanical support

Location & Appearance:
Found in epiphyses of long bones and anterior end of ribs. Looks “glass-like”

Common Examples: 
Articular Cartilage (found on knee joint), Costal Cartilage (found on ribs)
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12
Q

Describe features of Fibro Cartilage

A

Function:
Strongest cartilage type containing many collagen fibres (makes tissue strong and reinforced). Provides tensile strength to musculoskeletal bones (resist tension)

Location & Appearance:
Pad-like plate structures in the knee menisci, intervertebral disk and pubic symphysis

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13
Q

Describe features of Elastic Cartilage

A

Function:
Provides strength and elasticity, helps to maintain the shape of certain structures such as the ear.

Location & Appearance:
Similar glasslike appearance to hyaline but contains many yellow like elastic fibers lying in the solid matrix

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14
Q

What are the 3 main surface features exhibited by bones

A
  1. Articular Surfaces (point of attachment)
  2. Projections
  3. Routes for nerves and blood vessels
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15
Q

What are examples of Articular Surfaces on a bone

A
  1. Condyles (round knob)
  2. Head (prominent expanded end of bone)
  3. Facet (smooth flat, slightly concaved or convex surface)
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16
Q

What are examples of Projections on a bone

A
  1. Epicondyles (projection superior to condyles)
  2. Trochanter (large process on femur only)
  3. Tubercle (small round processes)
  4. Tuberosity (Rough elevated surface)
  5. Crest (Narrow ridge)
17
Q

What are examples of Route surface features on a bone

A
  1. Meatus (canal like passage)
  2. Fossa (shallow depression)
  3. Foramen (round or oval opening)
  4. Fissure (slit opening)
18
Q

List the 3 major regions in the Axial Skeleton

A
  1. Skull
  2. Vertebral Column
  3. Bony Thorax
19
Q

The skull contains 8 cranial bones that surround the cranial cavity. What are they?

A
  1. Frontal Bone
  2. Left and Right Parietal Bone
  3. Left and Right Temporal Bone
  4. Occipital Bone
  5. Sphenoid Bone
  6. Ethmoid Bone
20
Q

The skull contain 14 facial bones that support the teeth and forms the nasal cavity & orbits. What are they?

A
  1. Left and Right Maxilla
  2. Mandible
  3. Left and Right Palatine Bone (mouth)
  4. Left and Right Zygomatic Bone (Cheek)
  5. Left and Right Nasal Bone (Nose)
  6. Left and Right Lacrimal Bone (orbit walls - the eye)
  7. Left and Right Inferior Nasal Conchae
  8. Vomer (Nasal wall)
21
Q

List and locate the 3 distinct cranial fossa in the cranial floor

A
  1. Anterior fossa (front)
  2. Middle fossa (middle)
  3. Posterior fossa (back)

Human Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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