Week 2 - Site planning and energy reduction Flashcards
1
Q
What are some of the landscaping requirements for green buildings?
A
- Greenery areas (improve eco quality and mitigate UHI effect)
- CFD simulation report and wind tunnel test report and Air ventilation assessment (AVA) (air ventilation)
- declared monuments/ Grade 1 to
Grade 3 historic buildings confirmed
by the Antiquities Advisory Board
(AAB —> graded and respected - Vertical Daylight Factors (VDFs) and Unobstructed Vision Area (UVA) Method considered (for daylight)
2
Q
What are some possible greening features?
A
- Covered green areas
- Water features
- Grass paving
- Planters along perimeter of roof
- Vertical greening
- Landscape-treated
3
Q
What are some possible issues when it comes to neighborhood intergration of eco-friendly building practices?
A
- Placement and orientation of buildings in a site
- Spatial relationships (between buildings and between buildings and nature)
- Site topography & amount of open area
- Mass of proposed development
- Built form of buildings
- Environmental enhancement to surroundings of the site
- Landscaping strategy
- Conservation of historical sites
- Height of buildings (block light and airflow)
- Noise pollution for neighboring properties
4
Q
How does transport play a role in building and site development?
A
- Best to adapt and orient for pedestrians and low-carbon transport
- Should promote: human interaction and integration with surrounding environment
- Accesibility to public transport
- Pedestrian access
- Cycling facilities and network integration
- Electric car charging stations
5
Q
What kind of neighborhood amenities are included in green site development?
A
- Amenities for buildings users & neighborhood
- Could include——————————»
- Restuarants, cafes, etc.
- Community retail –> convenience stores, grocery stores, wet markets
- Every days (Banks & ATMs, hairdressers, pharmacy, laundry & dry cleaners, post offices)
- Education and care (kindergartens, day cares, childcare, Elderly care facilities, Schools)
- Public entertainment (art venues, recreational facilities, libraries, etc)
- Community places (Places of worship, community halls, etc)
- Necessaries (Medical & health facilities, public toilets)
6
Q
How can urban design be planned for sustainability?
A
- Conservation of cultural herritage
- VISUALS: Reduce bad visual effect of building forms and heights from public spaces – preserve views – and nice landscaping
- FLOW: Create visual corridors and pedstrian linkages –> esp between inland areas and water bodies
- FLOW: Harmonize environment and buildings (make it “flow”)
- VISUALS: Avoid monotony – diversified building facade and streetscape
- Architectural landmarks
- PURPOSE: Open spaces for social and cultural events
- VISUALS & PURPOSE: Defined entrances & focal points
- PURPOSE: Public furniture and features: seating, pedestrian signs, pavement, street lamps, etc
- VISUALS: Harmonize architectural design
7
Q
What role does light play in sustainable site development?
A
- Vertical Daylight Factors (VDF) – how much light is getting to people on lower floors of buildings – regulated to a certain amount
- Unobstructed Vision Area (UVA) Method – how much UVA going through the windows of the lowest floors
- Light pollution control –> buildings shouldn’t create unnecessary light pollution (control obtrusive light and light reflection)
8
Q
What are the two methods building sites can use to measure light access?
A
Vertical Daylight Factors (VDFs)
and
Unobstructed Vision Area (UVA) Method
9
Q
What role does noise play in sustainable site development?
A
- Trying to reduce noise from traffic and buildings
- Major noise sources include traffic,
chillers, cooling towers, fans and ducts
10
Q
What is ecologically responsive design?
A
- Most effective way to minimize impact on surrounding environment and endangered species
- If building on a high biodiversity site –> site planning must formulate strategy to protect habitats and species
- E.G. –> light pollution impacts nocturnal species
- Interconnect eco areas
- Tree retention
11
Q
What is bioclimatic design?
A
- Site planning that integrate and enhance a site’s microclimate
- Elevated tempratures can be mitigated through:
- finishes on building surfaces that reflect heat (high albedo)
- application of shading and vegetation
- building permeability
12
Q
How can urban heat island effect be mitigated and thermal comfort be sustained in site development?
A
- Treet coverage
- Air ventilation assessment (AVA)
- Intra urban heat island study
- Wind environment considered (must submit
- Shaded/covered routes for connections in the site
- Open spaces and pedestrian zones
13
Q
What are some ways to improve sustainability in building site development?
A
- Bioclimatic design
- Urban Heat Island mitigation – ensure air ventilation
- Reduce noise & light pollution
- Green spaces implementation
- ## Climate resilience & adaptability
14
Q
How can Hong Kong site development adapt for climate resilience thats specific to itself?
A
- HK lacks proper water drainage –> needs to be considered and improved upon
- ## Also sea level rise is increasing & extreme weather events
- Rainwater management – reduce flooding & promote groundwater recharge
- Sponge city concept
- Anticipation of climate change scenarios – study projected variation & its possible impact
- Prepare mitigation proposal
- Managing rainfall runoff for anticipated rainfall
15
Q
How can energy use be reduced?
A
- ## Buildings account for 90% of electricity consumption –> need to be enhaned to conserve energy
- low carbon passive design
- reduce co2 emissions
- peak electricity demand reduction
- metering and monitoring
- renewable and atl energy systems
energy efficient equipment
16
Q
What can low carbon passive design achieve and look like?
A
- Allows buildings to respond to local climate - reduce energy consumption
- Facilitate natural ventilation and maximize daylight
Can look like———————— - Built form and orientation (oriented for max benefits)
- Spatial planning (keep energy use good)
- Shading devices (reduce direct light)
- Green space surroundings (PERMANENT, and min requirements)
- Natural ventilation layout (needs conductive tests)
- Daylight enhanced layout (min requirement and asessment)
17
Q
What does built form and orientation look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Energy analysis – shows better built form and orientation —> done through rotating the design (baseline at least 22.5 degrees different from designed orientation)
18
Q
What does spatial planning optimization look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Enhance energy conservation
- Non-open planned: 20% of external wall of building has non-conditioned space for buildings (ncs - no heating/cooling area)
- Open planned: 5%
19
Q
What do shading devices look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Fixed or moveable
- Reduce direct solar irradiation entering building
- Architectural features that reduce direct sunlight
- Conduct solar irradiation simulation –> show annual solar irradiation is 2% lower than baseline without shading device
20
Q
What does Vegetated Building Envelope look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Area of vegetation is at least 50% and 5% of
the roof and façade areas, respectively - Non-conditioned areas do not count
- Has to be PERMANENT
21
Q
What does layout for natural ventilation look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Designed to utilize natural ventilation
- At least 20% of normally occupied floor area has acheived a certain wind velocity
- CFD simulation should be conducted in accordance with AVA method
22
Q
What does layout for daylight look like in low carbon passive design?
A
- Every normally occupied space should have a window
- At least 25% of the area can receive at least 300 lux of sunlight for at least 25% of operating hour each year
- Assessment considers normal daylight hours for calendar year
23
Q
How can there be reduction of CO2 emissions incorportated into building design?
A
- PASSIVE design enhancement & ACTIVE system improvement
- Building envelope——————-
- physical seperation between interior and exterior – very important in energy conservation
- provide RTTV (residential thermal transfer value) wall and roof calculations to demonstrate performance
- for non-residential tho, provide OTTV (overall ttv) tower and podium calculations
- Natural ventilation ———————————
- At least 20% of habitable space satisfy ventialtion requirements (res buildings)
- 9.5% open areas (non-res)
- Active design————————————-
- Aircon: 3% performance improvement
- Lighting: 5% performance improvement
- Lifts & escalators: 20% reduction from max allowable electrical power
24
Q
How does Peak Electricity Demand Reduction work?
A
- Discorage energy use by cutting or shifting the peak electricity demand
- Conduct assessment of energy performance and energy conservation measures (ECMs)
- Modelling parameters (operation scedule, inputs, etc.)
- Results –> monthly profile for demand & calculation of percentage of reduction
25
Q
How can metering and mintoring be conducted?
A
- Buildings should have operators to measure, monitor, and develop to improve performance
- Fundamental——————–
- HVAC system for each equipment
- Lighting and small power system
- Lift and escalator
- Plumbing and drainage
—> capable of recording energy consumption (kWh) and electricity demand (kW)
–> tansfered to building management system (BMS) for storin of at least 36 months
26
Q
How can renewable and alt energy systems be implemented in green building site development?
A
- Solar energy ————————–
- Evaluate potential of standalone and building-integrated —> including photovoltaic (PV) and solar water heating
- Application ——————————
- Examples
- Wind power
- Bio-gas heating or electricity generation
- Biofuel
27
Q
What do energy effiecient appliances do for site planning?
A
- Ecnourage wider use
- label major appliances
- such as: AC, fridges, washing machines, dryers, ovens, etc.
