Week 2 - Sensory Changes with Aging Flashcards
1
Q
Age-related changes to the eye
A
- lens gets opaque and stiff
- cornea thickens, flattens, gets rigid
- decreased density of cells of neural retina
- degeneration of the sclera, pupil, iris
2
Q
Presbyopia
A
- normal age-related gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on close objects
- noticeable as early as 40’s
-caused by lens stiffness (no longer able to recoil as well when the ciliary muscles contract)
3
Q
Presbyopia treatment
A
lens correction
4
Q
4 pathological conditions of the aging eye
A
- cataracts
- glaucoma
- age-related macular degeneration
- diabetic retinopathy
5
Q
Cataracts
A
- opacity in the lens of the eye
- crystallin misfolds and misfolded proteins aggregate (makes lens opaque)
6
Q
Cataract symptoms
A
decreased acuity, hazy vision, increased sensitivity to glare, harder to see low-contrast
7
Q
Cataract treatment
A
surgical removal of the lens and replace with a prosthetic lens
8
Q
Age-related macular degeneration
A
- loss of central field of vision
dry and wet AMD
9
Q
Dry AMD
A
- most common
- slow and progressive
- build up of lipid deposits in the macula
10
Q
Wet AMD
A
- less common
- can progress from dry AMD
- growth of abnormal blood vessels that leak blood and fluid around the macula
11
Q
Age-related macular degeneration treatment
A
no established treatment or reversing of vision loss
- ways to lower risk
12
Q
Glaucoma
A
- progressive optic nerve damage due to high intraocular pressure
- results in permanent loss of peripheral vision (blindness if untreated)
- open vs closed angle
13
Q
Open-angle glaucoma
A
- slow onset
- raised intraocular pressure that damages the nerves of the retina and optic nerve
14
Q
Closed-angle glaucoma
A
- acute rapid onset
- sudden blockage of fluid outflow (rapid elevation of intraocualr pressure)
- serve pain, blurry vision, halos around lights
- medical emergency and can lead to vision loss quickly
15
Q
Glaucoma treatment
A
eye drops to relieve pressure
