Week 2: self and gender identity Flashcards
What is self-perception theory (Bem, 1972)
when internal cues are weak we look at our behaviour and the situation to explain our actions.
being friendly at work… how friendly of a person am i really?
What is intrinsic motivation
Internal motivation.
doing something out of interest, enjoyment, challenge etc.
What is extrinsic motivation
External motivation
doing something for money, marks, recognition, obligation, etc.
What is the over-justification effect?
when we do something out of intrinsic motivation and then a reward is introduced, the behaviour becomes over justified.
creates extrinsic motivation.
What is the self-comparison theory (Festinger, 1954)
when we are uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we begin evaluating ourselves through comparisons to others.
What is upwards comparison?
when you compare yourself to someone who is better in some dimension (more career success, wealth, etc.)
What is downward comparison?
when you compare yourself with someone who is worse in some dimension (less organised, etc).
What was the mr clean vs mr dirty study?
participants filled in a job application form and rated their confidence before and after.
mr clean: they were in the room with someone confident, clean and organised. these people felt less confident after filling in the form.
mr dirty: in the room with someone who forgot their pen and looked dirty. these participants had more confidence after.
What is an independent view of the self?
people who define themselves by using their own thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
they value independence.
typical in western cultures.
What is an interdependent view of the self?
people who define themselves using the thoughts, attitudes and beliefs of others.
value connectedness and interdependence.
typical in non-western cultures.
What is the sociometer theory (Leary and Baumeister, 2000)
self-esteem is driven by a need tor connection and approval.
self esteem signals our level of social inclusion.
What is the terror management theory (Greenberg et al., 1997)
self esteem is driven by self-preservation because we are scared of death.
to cope we construct and adhere to a cultural worldview that provides meaning and purpose
What is the self-awareness theory (carver, 2003)
self-focused attentions leads us to compare our behaviour to our internal standards.
am i living up to my internal values and beliefs?
What are the self serving beliefs?
self-enhancing recollections
crediting success to our attributions and failure to others
optimism about the future more so than others
What is self verification
we want others to view us the way we view ourselves.
