week 2 review

Question 1

How do you diagnose acalasia?

Answer 1

manometry, due to an absense of distal gaglia in LES, cant diagnose it by upper endoscopy

Question 2

What is CKIT +

Answer 2

GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) tumors (receptor tyrosine kinase)PGDFRA mutations, tx gleevac

Question 3

high folate low b12 and a hx of abdominal surgery is consistent with what disease pattern

Answer 3

small intestinal overgrowth

Question 4

What is consistent with multinucleated cowdrie A type inclusions?

Answer 4

Herpes

Question 5

Where does autoimmune gastritis occur?

Answer 5

Body and fundus of stomach

Question 6

H. Pylori is associated with what conditions?

Answer 6

peptic ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, inflammatory hyperplastic polyps

Question 7

***Gastric adenocarcinoma genetics

Answer 7

wnt signaling (APC loss) and CDH1 gene loss

Question 8

what is associated with gallstones

Answer 8

gallstone ileus, gallbladder cancer, choledocolithiasis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, chronic cholecytsitis, and PSC

Question 9

***histology findings of celiac disease

Answer 9

villous blunting, increased intrpid helical lymphocytes, lymphocytosis of the lamina propria

Question 10

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli can cause what organ failure

Answer 10

kidney

Question 11

can u kill giardia with clorine?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what is name of helminth infection

Answer 12

ascaris lumbricoides

Question 13

where are the high risks of ischemic colitis?

Answer 13

splenic flexure, and recto sigmoid

Question 14

*** what are three factors causing IBD

Answer 14

host interactions with intestinal microbiome
intestinal epithelial dysfunction
abberant mucosal immune response
genetics

Question 15

what disease is highly associated with PSC

Answer 15

UC

Question 16

Hamartomatous polyps

Answer 16

not cancerous but have associated syndromes that are associated with cancer peutz jegher and juvenile 40% risk