WEEK 2: RENAL PHYSIOLOGY & URINE FORMATION Flashcards
Each kidney contains approximately 1 to 1.5 million functional units called ________.
NEPHRONS
Two types of Nephrons.
- Cortical Nephrons
- Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Make up approximately 85% of nephrons and are situated primarily in the cortex of the kidney. Responsible primarily for removal of waste products and reabsorption of nutrients.
Cortical Nephrons
Have longer loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney. Its primary function is concentration of the urine.
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
- Renal blood flow
- Glomerular reabsorption
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
Renal Functions
Supplies blood to the kidney.
Renal Artery
The human kidney receive approximately ____ of the blood pumped through the heart at all times.
25%
Blood enters the capillaries of the nephron through the ________. It then flows through the ________ and into the ________
Afferent Arteriole; Glomerulus; Efferent Arteriole
Before returning to the renal vein, blood from the efferent arteriole enters the ________ and the ________ and flows slowly through the cortex and medulla of the kidney close to the tubules.
Peritubular Capillaries; Vasa Recta
Surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Peritubular Capillaries
This is where the immediate reabsorption of essential substances from the fluid happens.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
This is where the final adjustment of the urinary composition happens.
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Located adjacent to the ascending and descending loops of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons.
Vasa Recta
In this area, the major exchanges of water and salts takes place between the blood and the ________
Medullary Intersitium
The exchange maintains the ________ (salt concentration) in the medulla, which is necessary for renal concentration.
Osmotic Gradient
Total renal blood flow is approximately __________
1200 mL/min
Total renal plasma flow ranges from __________
600 to 700 mL/min
________ consists of a coil of approximately eight capillary lobes.
Glomerulus
The walls of the glomerulus are referred to as the __________
Glomerular Filtration Barrier
The glomerulus is located within ________, which forms the beginning of the renal tubule.
Bowmann capsule
Three glomerular filtration barrier cellular layers
- Capillary Wall Membrane
- Basement Membrane (Basal lamina)
- Visceral Epithelium of the Bowmann capsule
The endothelial cells of the capillary wall differ from those in other capillaries by containing pores and are referred to as ___________
Fenestrated endothelium
